Melatonin

Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pineal gland that plays a key role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and photoperiod-dependent functions. In veterinary medicine, it is primarily used for: * **Dermatologic conditions:** Alopecia-X (especially in Nordic breeds), canine pattern baldness, and recurrent flank alopecia. * **Behavioral and sleep disorders:** Managing nocturnal pacing/activity in geriatric dogs and cats, as well as phobias and separation anxiety. * **Reproductive management:** Reversible estrus suppression in cats and adjusting seasonal fertility in sheep, goats, and horses. * **Endocrine support:** Adjunctive treatment for adrenal disease in ferrets. > **Clinical Pearl:** Melatonin is often considered a safe, first-line, low-cost trial for non-inflammatory alopecias before pursuing more aggressive endocrine diagnostics or treatments.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Melatonin is involved in the neuroendocrine control of photoperiod-dependent molting, hair growth, and pelage color. * **Hair Growth:** It stimulates winter coat growth; spring shedding occurs when melatonin levels decrease. The exact mechanism is unknown but may involve direct effects on the hair follicle or alteration of **prolactin** and/or **melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)** secretion. * **Endocrine Effects:** Increases serum prolactin and growth hormone levels, and enhances the response to growth hormone-releasing hormone. Long-term use may decrease **luteinizing hormone (LH)**. * **Antioxidant:** Acts as a potent free radical scavenger.

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