Oclacitinib

**Oclacitinib** is a targeted immunomodulatory and antipruritic medication used primarily in veterinary medicine to manage pruritus (itching) associated with allergic dermatitis and to control atopic dermatitis in dogs. > **Clinical Warning:** Oclacitinib modulates the immune system and may increase susceptibility to infections (e.g., demodicosis, pyoderma) or exacerbate pre-existing neoplastic conditions. It is contraindicated in dogs under 12 months of age due to an increased risk of severe infections. **Clinical Pearl:** Oclacitinib provides rapid relief from itching, often working as quickly as corticosteroids (within 4-24 hours), but without the polyuria/polydipsia and long-term metabolic side effects typically associated with glucocorticoids. While the provided monograph does not specify dosing, standard veterinary practice typically initiates therapy at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for up to 14 days, followed by once-daily maintenance.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Oclacitinib is a targeted enzyme inhibitor that specifically **inhibits Janus-kinases (JAK)**, with a pronounced selectivity for **JAK1** and, to a lesser extent, JAK3. By blocking these enzymes, oclacitinib prevents the signal transduction of a variety of cytokines dependent on JAK1/JAK3 pathways. Most notably, it inhibits **Interleukin-31 (IL-31)**, a key pruritogenic (itch-inducing) cytokine in dogs. Pathway: Cytokine binds to receptor → **JAK1/JAK3** activation is blocked → STAT proteins are not phosphorylated → Pro-inflammatory and pruritogenic gene transcription is halted.

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