Pyrantel

**Pyrantel** is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic widely used in veterinary medicine for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes, specifically ascarids (roundworms) and hookworms (*Toxocara canis*, *Toxascaris leonina*, *Uncinaria stenocephala*, and *Ancylostoma caninum*). It is frequently formulated in combination with **febantel** or **oxantel** to expand its spectrum of activity to include whipworms (*Trichuris vulpis*), or with praziquantel to target tapeworms. > **Clinical Pearl:** Pyrantel is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This pharmacokinetic property is highly beneficial, as it allows the drug to reach high concentrations in the gut lumen where the target parasites reside, while minimizing systemic exposure and contributing to a wide margin of safety in the host.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Pyrantel acts as a **depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent** in susceptible parasites. It functions as a **cholinergic agonist** at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the nematode → causes continuous depolarization of the parasite's muscle cell membrane → results in **spastic paralysis** of the worm. The paralyzed parasites lose their attachment to the intestinal wall and are subsequently expelled from the host's gastrointestinal tract via normal peristalsis.

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