Sodium citrate

**Sodium citrate** is an osmotic laxative typically formulated as a micro-enema in combination with a stool softener (such as sodium alkylsulphoacetate, sodium lauryl sulphoacetate, or sodium lauryl sulphate). It is primarily used as a low-volume enema to treat constipation and to prepare the lower gastrointestinal tract for procedures like proctoscopy and radiography. > **Clinical Warning:** Not recommended for use in cases with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). **Clinical Pearl:** The monograph text lists "450 ml sodium citrate" per micro-enema, which is likely a typographical error in the source material for 450 **mg**, as these are typically 5 ml low-volume micro-enemas.

กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Acts as an **osmotic laxative** → causes water to be retained within the lumen of the GI tract. The addition of a stool softener lowers surface tension → augments the laxative action by allowing water to penetrate and soften the feces.

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