Tulathromycin
**Tulathromycin** is a semi-synthetic, long-acting macrolide antibiotic of the triamilide subclass. It is primarily utilized in large animal medicine (cattle and swine) for the treatment of respiratory diseases, bovine foot rot, and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye). * **Unique Structure**: Contains three amine groups (tribasic), which allows for superior penetration into gram-negative pathogens compared to older macrolides. * **Targeted Delivery**: It extensively accumulates in host phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils), delivering high concentrations directly to infected lung tissues. * **Convenience**: Formulated for single-dose administration due to its exceptionally long tissue half-life (up to 8.75 days in bovine lungs). > **Clinical Pearl**: While primarily approved for livestock, it is occasionally used off-label in foals for *Rhodococcus equi* infections and in small ruminants for susceptible respiratory pathogens.
กลไกการออกฤทธิ์: Tulathromycin binds to the **50S ribosomal subunit** of susceptible bacteria → blocks transpeptidation and translocation processes → inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis. * Generally considered **bacteriostatic**, but exhibits **bactericidal** activity against key respiratory pathogens like *Mannheimia haemolytica* and *Pasteurella multocida*. * Its low affinity for bacterial efflux pumps allows it to remain and accumulate within the bacteria. * Concentrates in host phagocytic cells (macrophages) → migrates to sites of inflammation → releases active drug directly at the infection site, providing targeted therapy.
ขนาดยาตามชนิดสัตว์
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), bovine foot rot, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) · 2.5 mg/kg (1.1 mL/100 lb) BW · SC · single dose · Inject subcutaneously in the neck. Do not inject more than 10 mL per injection site.
- Rhodococcus equi infections in foals · 2.5 mg/kg · IM · every 5-7 days · Anecdotally used successfully in milder clinical cases.
- Swine respiratory disease (SRD) · 2.5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/22 lb) BW · IM · single dose · Inject intramuscularly in the neck. Do not inject more than 2.5 mL per injection site.
ขนาดยาเป็นข้อมูลอ้างอิงทางคลินิกสำหรับสัตวแพทย์ผู้มีใบอนุญาต โปรดตรวจสอบกับฉลากล่าสุดและผู้ป่วยแต่ละรายเสมอ
วิธีการให้ยา
ข้อห้ามใช้
- Prior hypersensitivity to tulathromycin or other macrolides
- Female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older
- Calves to be processed for veal
- Pre-ruminating calves (withdrawal period not established)
อาการไม่พึงประสงค์
- Transient hypersalivation
- Transient dyspnea (rare)
- Injection site reactions (swelling, pain, discoloration, trim loss at slaughter)
- Anorexia
- Restlessness and excessive vocalization (swine)
การติดตาม
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory signs, lameness, or ocular lesions)
- Injection site for severe reactions
การได้รับยาเกินขนาด
### Cattle Single subcutaneous doses of up to 25 mg/kg caused transient indications of pain at the injection site, including head shaking and pawing at the ground. Injection site swelling, discoloration of subcutaneous tissues, and corresponding histopathologic changes were observed. ### Swine Single IM doses of up to 25 mg/kg caused transient indications of pain at the injection site, restlessness, and excessive vocalization. Brief tremors occurred in one animal receiving 7.5 mg/kg. ### Treatment No systemic treatment for single overdoses should be necessary. Localized treatment at the injection site (e.g., ice pack) to reduce swelling and pain, as well as FDA-approved analgesic medications, can be considered.
ข้อมูลอ้างอิงยาของ VetSheet มีไว้สำหรับสัตวแพทย์ผู้มีใบอนุญาตเพื่อช่วยในการตัดสินใจทางคลินิก ไม่ใช่สิ่งทดแทนการวินิจฉัยของผู้เชี่ยวชาญหรือฉลากล่าสุดของผู้ผลิต