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阿卡波糖

Acarbose

Complex oligosaccharide

口服抗糖尿病藥 / 降血糖劑PO狗貓

別名: Precose · Glucobay · Prandase · Glucor · Glumida · Bay-g-5421 · Asucrose · Glicobase

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Initially 12.5-25 mg total dose per dog PO with each meal. May increase dose after two weeks to 50 mg per dog and then to 100 mg per dog (in large dogs, >25 kg) if response has been inadequate.PO· with each meal
12.5–25 mg — 每隻動物的固定劑量（不按體重換算）

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For dogs poorly controlled with insulin and dietary therapy when another reason for the poor control cannot be identifiedInitially 12.5-25 mg total dose per dog PO with each meal. May increase dose after two weeks to 50 mg per dog and then to 100 mg per dog (in large dogs, >25 kg) if response has been inadequate.POwith each meal—🌎 NA
Adjunctive glycemic control12.5-20 mg (total dose) per meal POPOper meal—🌎 NA
  • For dogs poorly controlled with insulin and dietary therapy when another reason for the poor control cannot be identified: Give only at the time of feeding. There is a greater chance of diarrhea at the higher dosages.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Improve glycemic control and reduce insulin dependence12.5-25 mg (total dose) PO with meals.POwith meals—🌎 NA
Reduce insulin dosage and thereby reduce hypoglycemia occurrence12.5 mg per cat PO twice daily with meals.POtwice daily—🌎 NA
Adjunctive glycemic control12.5-20 mg (total dose) per meal POPOper meal—🌎 NA
  • Improve glycemic control and reduce insulin dependence: When acarbose is used with a low carbohydrate diet it may improve glycemic control and reduce insulin dependence.

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概覽

阿卡波糖是一種​口服降血糖藥物​，主要用於輔助治療犬貓的糖尿病。它能減緩餐後腸道吸收葡萄糖的速度與總量。通常不建議作為單一療法，而是與胰島素及飲食控制搭配使用。

作用機制

Acarbose acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract and does not stimulate insulin secretion.

  • It competitively inhibits pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases (such as sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase).
  • ​Mechanism Pathway:​ Inhibition of these enzymes → delayed digestion of complex carbohydrates and disaccharides into absorbable monosaccharides → glucose is absorbed further down the GI tract at a slower rate → blunts the postprandial blood glucose spike → reduces overall insulin requirements.
  • ​Note:​ Acarbose has no inhibitory effect on lactase.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Underweight animals (may have deleterious effects on nutritional status)
  • Known hypersensitivity to acarbose
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Colonic ulceration
  • Partial intestinal obstruction or predisposition to obstruction
  • Chronic intestinal disease with marked disorders of digestion or absorption
  • Conditions where excessive gas formation would be detrimental

不良反應

  • Flatulence
  • Soft stools
  • Diarrhea (dose-dependent)
  • Weight loss (reported in dogs)
  • May contribute to hypoglycemia if used concurrently with other hypoglycemic agents (e.g., insulin)

注意事項

​Important Precautions:​

  • ​Hepatic/Renal Impairment:​ Use with caution in patients with renal dysfunction or severe liver disease. Patients with severe renal dysfunction may attain serum levels approximately 5 times those of normal subjects.
  • ​Pregnancy:​ Safety in pregnancy has not been established (FDA Category B in humans). Weigh potential risks versus benefits.
  • ​Hypoglycemia Risk:​ While acarbose alone does not cause hypoglycemia, it can exacerbate it when used with insulin. If oral treatment for hypoglycemia is needed, use pure glucose (dextrose), NOT sucrose, as acarbose blocks the breakdown of sucrose.

藥物相互作用

Charcoal

Intestinal adsorbents may reduce the efficacy of acarbose.

Digoxin

Acarbose may reduce digoxin blood concentrations.

Hyperglycemic Agents (corticosteroids, thiazides, estrogens, phenothiazines, thyroid hormones, calcium channel blockers)

May negate the antihyperglycemic effects of acarbose.

Pancreatin, Pancrelipase, or Amylase

Exogenous enzyme formulations may reduce the efficacy of acarbose.

監測

  • Serum glucose concentrations
  • Adverse GI effects (diarrhea, flatulence, weight loss)
  • Serum aminotransferase levels (rarely elevated with long-term high-dose use)

藥物動力學

吸收

In dogs, about 4% of an oral dose is absorbed systemically. In humans, only about 2% is absorbed.

代謝

Practically all remaining drug in the gut is metabolized locally in the GI tract by intestinal bacteria.

排除

The small fraction of the drug that is absorbed systemically is excreted by the kidneys.

過量

Acute overdosages are likely to cause only diarrhea and flatulence. No specific treatment should be necessary for the GI upset.

​Hypoglycemia Warning:​ Should acute hypoglycemia occur secondary to concurrent use of other antihypoglycemics (like insulin), parenteral glucose should be administered. If treating orally, you MUST use glucose/dextrose (do not use sucrose/table sugar, as acarbose prevents its breakdown and absorption).

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets

人用標示

  • Acarbose Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg & 100 mg (Precose®, generic)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Do not store tablets above 25°C (77°F); protect from moisture. Tablets may be split or crushed and mixed with food just prior to administration.

飼主須知

請在​餵食前立即給藥​以達到最佳效果。最常見的副作用是腹瀉和脹氣。阿卡波糖本身不會導致低血糖，但若與胰島素併用可能會增加低血糖風險。請密切觀察是否有抽搐、虛弱或癱軟等低血糖症狀。若需緊急補充糖分，請使用玉米糖漿或葡萄糖，​切勿使用一般砂糖​（因本藥會阻礙砂糖吸收）。藥物可能需要長達兩週才能達到最大效果。

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