乙醯甘露聚糖
乙醯甘露聚糖是一種源自**蘆薈 (Aloe vera)** 的水溶性複合碳水化合物聚合物。在獸醫學中，主要作為非特異性免疫刺激劑使用。 * **標示用途：** 輔助治療與臨床管理犬貓的纖維肉瘤。 * **仿單外/試驗性用途：** 曾嘗試用於貓的病毒感染（FeLV、FIV、FIP）及犬的乳突瘤。 * **臨床爭議：** 由於缺乏強而有力的對照臨床研究支持其療效，其全身性使用在獸醫界仍具爭議。 * **局部使用：** 市面上有局部外用劑型，可能具有縮短傷口癒合時間的潛力。
作用機制: Acemannan functions as a non-specific immune system modulator. * **Cytokine Induction:** Induces increases in key pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, specifically **Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)**, **Interferon**, and **Interleukin-1 (IL-1)**. * **Cellular Response:** → Leads to increased lymphocytic infiltration and accumulation at injection sites, promoting a localized immune response against tumor cells or pathogens. * **Antiviral Activity:** Has demonstrated the ability to suppress HIV replication in tissue cultures, though in vivo antiviral efficacy in veterinary species remains unproven.
各物種劑量
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma · Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. · IP / Intralesional · weekly · minimum of 6 treatments · Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
- Aid in treatment and management of fibrosarcoma · Recommended IP dose is 1 mg/kg. Recommended intralesional dose is 2 mg injected deep into each tumor mass. · IP / Intralesional · weekly · minimum of 6 treatments · Prior to use, reconstitute with 10 mL sterile diluent. 5-10 mins may be necessary for complete dissolution. Shake well. Use within 4 hours. When used as a prelude to surgery, continue until delineation, necrosis or maximum tumor enlargement occurs (usually 2-4 weeks). Surgical excision recommended immediately upon delineation.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Patients with demonstrated past severe hypersensitivity reactions to acemannan
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Localized necrosis at injection sites
- Hyperactivity
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Hypotension
- Salivation (with IV bolus)
- Weakness and collapse (with IV bolus)
- Tachycardia and tachypnea (with IV bolus)
- Prolonged pain or bleeding at intralesional injection sites
- Monocyte infiltrates on peritoneal surfaces, liver, lung, and spleen (with IP injection)
- Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting (with high-dose IP injection)
監測
- Clinical efficacy (tumor delineation, necrosis, or reduction)
- Adverse effects (especially localized injection site reactions, hypersensitivity, or systemic signs if given IV/IP)
過量
Acemannan appears to have a wide margin of safety regarding acute toxicity. * **Dogs (IP):** Single IP injections of 50 mg/kg resulted in no significant signs of toxicity. * **Dogs (Oral):** Acemannan fed orally at rates of up to 1.5 g/kg/day for 90 days showed no significant adverse effects.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。