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乙醯唑胺

Acetazolamide

N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide

利尿劑 / 碳酸酐酶抑制劑 / 抗青光眼藥PO狗貓

別名: Diamox · Acetazolamida · Acetazolamidum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

經審核的 v13 劑量證據

結構化劑量計算證據

Adjunctive therapy for treatment of glaucoma (extra-label)

6–8 mg/kgPO
  • q8-12h

NA

必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (2)
  • ■ The most common side effect of this drug is stomach upset; giving with food may help reduce this effect.
  • Acetazolamide tablets or unreconstituted powder for injection should be stored at room temperature of 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F) in a tightly closed container.
formulary方案年份 2023審核 dose-audit-plumb-v13

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概覽

乙醯唑胺是一種全身性​碳酸酐酶抑制劑​，在獸醫學中主要用於降低眼內壓以治療​青光眼​。它也可用作代謝性鹼中毒或某些癲癇發作的輔助治療。

​臨床提示：​雖然對青光眼有效，但由於全身性副作用較少，現在通常首選局部碳酸酐酶抑制劑（如多佐胺或布林佐胺）。

作用機制

Acetazolamide reversibly inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

  • In the eye: Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes → decreases production of bicarbonate → reduces fluid transport and aqueous humor secretion → lowers ​intraocular pressure (IOP)​.
  • In the kidneys: Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal renal tubules → decreases reabsorption of bicarbonate, sodium, and potassium → promotes alkaline diuresis and can cause mild metabolic acidosis.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hepatic failure
  • Renal failure
  • Severe pulmonary obstruction
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyperchloremic acidosis

不良反應

  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Hypokalemia
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Lethargy
  • Panting (especially in dogs)

注意事項

Monitor electrolytes closely, especially potassium, during prolonged therapy. Use with extreme caution in patients with respiratory acidosis or conditions predisposing to electrolyte imbalances. ​Do not use in patients with severe hepatic or renal impairment.​

藥物相互作用

DigoxinMajor

Hypokalemia induced by acetazolamide may increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.

CorticosteroidsModerate

Concurrent use increases the risk of severe hypokalemia.

AspirinMajor

Increased risk of salicylate toxicity and severe metabolic acidosis.

PhenobarbitalModerate

Alkalinization of urine by acetazolamide may increase the excretion of phenobarbital, potentially lowering its efficacy.

監測

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • Serum electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium)
  • Acid-base status (blood gases)
  • Hydration status

藥物動力學

半衰期

狗4-6 hours

吸收

Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.

分佈

Distributes widely throughout the body, including the central nervous system and eyes. Highly bound to plasma proteins.

代謝

Not significantly metabolized in most species.

排除

Excreted primarily unchanged in the urine via tubular secretion.

過量

Overdosage may result in severe metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and dehydration. Treatment consists of supportive care, including intravenous fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, and monitoring of acid-base status.

可用產品

劑型

  • 250 mg tablets
  • 250 mg capsules

人用標示

  • Diamox 250 mg tablets
  • Diamox SR 250 mg capsules

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature (15-30°C) in a tightly closed container, protected from light and moisture.

飼主須知

乙醯唑胺用於降低患有​青光眼​寵物的眼內壓。

  • 請確保您的寵物隨時有新鮮的飲用水，因為這種藥物會增加排尿量。
  • 可能會引起腸胃不適；與食物一起餵食可能有所幫助。
  • 如果您發現寵物出現嚴重虛弱、嗜睡、嘔吐或呼吸急促，請聯繫您的獸醫，因為這些可能是血鉀過低或血液酸鹼度改變的跡象。

VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。