阿福拉納
Afoxolaner
別名: Nexgard Spectra · Afoxolanerum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Otodectes synotis infection (extra-label)
須由已驗證獸醫確認
替代給藥時間表（只選其一）
- once
- q1month · for 2 months
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (2)
- ■ Afoxolaner can be administered with or without food.
- Store chewable tablets at or below 30°C (86°F) with excursions permitted up to 40°C (104°F).
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
阿福拉納是一種異噁唑啉類（isoxazoline）殺寄生蟲藥，主要用於犬隻的跳蚤和壁蝨感染。可單獨使用或與米爾倍黴素（milbemycin oxime）合併使用。
作用機制
Afoxolaner acts at ligand-gated chloride channels, in particular those gated by the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).
By binding to these channels, it blocks the pre- and post-synaptic transfer of chloride ions across cell membranes → leading to uncontrolled central nervous system activity → hyperexcitation → death of the insect or acarine parasite.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to afoxolaner or any excipients
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
- Anorexia
- Neurological signs (tremors, ataxia, seizures) - rare
注意事項
Neurological Warning: Use with caution in dogs with a history of seizures or other neurological disorders, as the isoxazoline class has been associated with rare neurological adverse events.
監測
- Efficacy of parasite control
- Adverse gastrointestinal or neurological signs
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Bioavailability is high (typically >70%).
分佈
Highly bound to plasma proteins (>99%). Widely distributed to tissues.
代謝
Undergoes some hepatic metabolism, but a significant portion is excreted unchanged.
排除
Primarily eliminated via biliary excretion into the feces, with a minor renal component.
過量
Afoxolaner is generally well tolerated at multiples of the recommended dose. However, significant overdosage may increase the risk of adverse effects, particularly gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea) and neurological signs (tremors, ataxia, seizures). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive as there is no specific antidote.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets: 11.3 mg, 28.3 mg, 68 mg, 136 mg (Nexgard)
- Oral tablets: 5 sizes available in combination with milbemycin oxime (Nexgard Spectra)
獸醫用
- Nexgard (11.3 mg, 28.3 mg, 68 mg, 136 mg tablets)
- Nexgard Spectra (afoxolaner + milbemycin oxime tablets)
各地核准狀態
POM-V
POM-V
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store in the original blister packaging to protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and animals.
飼主須知
請按獸醫師指示每月口服一次，可與食物一起餵食或單獨餵食。若您的愛犬出現肌肉顫抖、步伐不穩或癲癇等神經症狀，請立即聯絡獸醫師。
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