阿苯達唑
阿苯達唑（Albendazole）是一種**廣效性苯並咪唑類抗寄生蟲藥**，在獸醫學中用於治療多種體內寄生蟲，包括**線蟲（圓蟲）**、**絛蟲**、**吸蟲**以及某些**原蟲（如梨形鞭毛蟲）**。 * **經濟動物用途**：FDA 核准用於牛和羊（懸浮液劑型）的多種內寄生蟲感染。 * **小動物用途**：標示外使用於特定感染（如肺吸蟲、肺線蟲、梨形鞭毛蟲）。然而，由於有引發**骨髓毒性**（再生不良性貧血）和肝功能障礙的風險，其在犬貓的使用已大幅減少。小動物通常更傾向使用較安全的替代藥物（如芬苯達唑）。 * **特寵用途**：標示外使用於小型哺乳動物、鳥類和爬蟲類，但已在某些物種（如鴿子、斑鳩和羊駝幼畜）中觀察到毒性。
作用機制: Albendazole exerts its antiparasitic effects by binding selectively to parasite **β-tubulin** → prevents tubulin polymerization → inhibits **microtubule formation**. * This disruption halts intracellular microtubular transport systems and cell division. * At higher concentrations, it disrupts metabolic pathways by inhibiting key enzymes like **malate dehydrogenase** and **fumarate reductase** → impairs glucose uptake and ATP production → leads to parasite starvation and death.
各物種劑量
- Susceptible parasites · 7.5 mg/kg PO (0.75 mL of the suspension per 25 lb. body weight). · PO · Single dose
- Adult liver flukes · 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes · PO · Single dose
- Adult liver flukes · 7.6 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Nematodes · 3 mL of suspension per 100 lbs of body weight PO · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 7.5 mg/kg PO (0.75 mL of the suspension per 25 lb. body weight). · PO · Single dose
- Adult liver flukes · 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes · PO · Single dose
- Paragonimus kellicotti · 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days · PO · q12h · 14 days
- Giardia · 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 3-5 days · PO · q12h · 3-5 days · May cause bone marrow suppression in dogs and cats.
- Liver flukes (Platynosum or Opisthorchiidae families) · 50 mg/kg PO once daily until ova are gone · PO · q24h · Until ova are gone
- Susceptible parasites · 10 mg/kg PO · PO · Single dose
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Hepatic failure
- Early pregnancy (teratogenic/embryotoxic)
- Lactating dairy cattle (of breeding age)
- Pigeons and doves (susceptible to toxicity)
- Alpaca crias (high risk of fatal neutropenia and sepsis)
不良反應
- Anorexia
- Lethargy and depression
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, neutropenia)
藥物相互作用
- Cimetidine · Increased albendazole levels in bile and cystic fluid
- Dexamethasone · May increase albendazole serum levels
- Praziquantel · May increase albendazole serum levels
監測
- Clinical efficacy (fecal exams)
- Adverse effects (especially if used in non-FDA-approved species or at high dosages)
- CBCs and liver enzymes (q4-6 weeks) if treating long-term (>1 month)
過量
Albendazole has a relatively wide margin of safety in ruminants, but massive overdoses are fatal. * **Cattle**: Doses of 300 mg/kg (30X recommended) have caused death. Doses of 45 mg/kg (4.5X recommended) did not cause adverse effects. * **Sheep**: Doses of 200 mg/kg (20X recommended) have caused death. * **Cats**: Receiving 100 mg/kg/day for 14-21 days showed signs of weight loss, neutropenia, and mental dullness.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。