阿米卡星
Amikacin
別名: Amikin · Amikacine · Amikacinum · Amikacin sulfate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 15-30 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible bacterial infections in Greyhounds and sight hounds | 12 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Sepsis | Higher than standard doses | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder) | Varies | topical | Varies | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: IV doses should be given slowly over 30-60 minutes.
- Susceptible bacterial infections in Greyhounds and sight hounds: Lower dose recommended due to a lower volume of distribution in these breeds.
- Sepsis: Recommended by some authors, but carries an increased risk of adverse effects.
- Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder): Considered if the site is easily accessible and if the animal shows signs of systemic nephrotoxicity.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible bacterial infections | 10-15 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Sepsis | Higher than standard doses | IV/IM/SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder) | Varies | topical | Varies | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible bacterial infections: IV doses should be given slowly over 30-60 minutes.
- Sepsis: Recommended by some authors, but carries an increased risk of adverse effects.
- Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder): Considered if the site is easily accessible and if the animal shows signs of systemic nephrotoxicity.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
阿米卡星是一種強效的氨基糖苷類抗生素，主要用於治療嚴重的革蘭氏陰性菌感染、金黃色葡萄球菌及諾卡氏菌感染。它對於治療對慶大黴素等其他氨基糖苷類具有抗藥性的感染特別有價值。
臨床警告：此藥物穿透生物膜的能力較差，需要透過注射給藥，且在中樞神經系統和眼部積液中的濃度極低。使用時伴隨顯著的腎毒性和耳毒性風險。
作用機制
Aminoglycosides irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
They exhibit concentration-dependent killing → leading to a marked post-antibiotic effect (PAE). This allows for prolonged dosing intervals (e.g., q24h), which maximizes bacterial kill rates while minimizing accumulation in renal tubular cells, thereby reducing toxicity.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Animals with pre-existing reduced renal function (unless benefits outweigh risks)
- Dehydrated patients (without concurrent fluid therapy)
不良反應
- Nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis)
- Ototoxicity (vestibular and auditory dysfunction)
- Neuromuscular blockade (rare but possible)
注意事項
Intravenous Administration: IV doses should be given slowly, generally over 30-60 minutes.
Fluid Therapy: Concurrent fluid therapy is strongly advised to maintain glomerular filtration and reduce nephrotoxicity.
Monitoring: Therapeutic drug monitoring (peak and trough serum levels) should be considered to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity, especially in neonates, geriatric patients, and those with compromised renal function.
藥物相互作用
In vivo synergism against susceptible bacteria; however, they can cause in vitro inactivation of amikacin. Do not mix in the same syringe.
Increased risk of severe nephrotoxicity.
Increased risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
In vitro inactivation of amikacin. Do not mix in the same syringe.
Potentiation of neuromuscular blockade.
監測
- Serum amikacin levels (peak for efficacy, trough for toxicity)
- Renal function (BUN, serum creatinine, urinalysis for casts/proteinuria)
- Hydration status
- Auditory and vestibular function (if possible)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; requires parenteral administration for systemic levels.
分佈
Limited movement across biological membranes. Access to sites such as the CNS and ocular fluids is very limited. Greyhounds have a lower volume of distribution compared to other dog breeds.
代謝
Minimal hepatic metabolism.
排除
Excreted almost entirely unchanged via glomerular filtration in the kidneys.
過量
Overdosage significantly increases the risk of acute tubular necrosis (nephrotoxicity) and vestibular/auditory damage (ototoxicity). Treatment is supportive. Discontinue the drug immediately and initiate aggressive intravenous fluid therapy to promote diuresis and maintain glomerular filtration rate.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution: 50 mg/ml
- Injectable solution: 250 mg/ml
獸醫用
- Amikacin 50 mg/ml injectable solution
- Amikacin 250 mg/ml injectable solution
人用標示
- Amikin 50 mg/ml injection
- Amikin 250 mg/ml injection
各地核准狀態
Approved for intrauterine use in horses and systemic use in dogs.
POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian).
POM-V. Use should be based on susceptibility testing.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature. Observe normal precautions for handling and storage as per manufacturer guidelines.
飼主須知
阿米卡星是一種用於治療嚴重感染的強效抗生素，通常由您的獸醫進行注射給藥。
- 腎臟健康：此藥物可能會影響腎臟。請確保您的寵物隨時有乾淨的飲水。如果您發現寵物的飲水量或排尿量有異常變化（喝太多/尿太多或太少），請立即聯繫獸醫。
- 聽力與平衡：在罕見情況下，此藥物可能會影響聽力或平衡感。如果您的寵物出現頭暈、步伐不穩或對聲音沒有反應，請告知您的獸醫。
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