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氨基己酸

Aminocaproic Acid

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid

纖維蛋白溶解抑制劑 / 抗蛋白酶POIV狗

別名: Amicar · Capracid · Capramol · Caproamin · Caprolisin · Epsicaprom · Hemocaprol · Hemocid · Hexalense · Ipsilon · acidum aminocaproicum · CL-10304 CY-116 · EACA · epsilon aminocaproic acid · JD-177 · NSC-26154

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

50-100 mg/kgIV or PO· q6h
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Adjunctive treatment of degenerative myelopathy (seen primarily in German shepherds)500 mg/dogPOq8hindefinitely🌎 NA
Antifibrinolytic50-100 mg/kgIV or POq6h—🌎 NA
  • Adjunctive treatment of degenerative myelopathy (seen primarily in German shepherds): Used in conjunction with acetylcysteine at 25 mg/kg PO q8h for 2 weeks, then q8h every other day. The 20% solution should be diluted to 5% with chicken broth or suitable diluent. Other treatments may include prednisone, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E. Note: No treatment has been shown to be effective in published trials.
  • Antifibrinolytic: No published doses for dogs, but has been used anecdotally.

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概覽

​氨基己酸 (EACA)​ 是一種賴氨酸的合成衍生物。它作為​纖維蛋白溶解抑制劑​和​抗蛋白酶​。

  • ​歷史獸醫用途​：它曾被用作狗（特別是德國牧羊犬）​退化性脊髓神經病變 (DM)​ 的輔助治療，儘管現代證據強烈質疑其對此疾病的療效。研究顯示沒有神經學上的改善，其用於 DM 很大程度上被認為是試驗性且無效的。
  • ​主要臨床用途​：其主要且具實證基礎的用途是治療​高纖維蛋白溶解引起的出血​。在獸醫學中，它越來越多地用於預防或治療嚴重的出血性疾病、創傷或手術出血（例如，易發生術後延遲出血的格雷伊獵犬）。
  • ​血小板低下症​：目前正持續評估其作為狗嚴重血小板低下症輔助治療以預防致命出血的用途，但安全性和療效仍在調查中。

作用機制

Aminocaproic acid is a lysine analog that competitively binds to the lysine-binding sites on plasminogen.

  • Plasminogen → (blocked by EACA) → Cannot bind to fibrin.
  • This prevents the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activators.
  • At higher concentrations, it directly inhibits plasmin (antiplasmin activity), thereby preventing the breakdown of fibrin clots (fibrinolysis).
  • In Degenerative Myelopathy: It was theorized to exert antiprotease activity, reducing the activation of inflammatory enzymes that damage myelin, though clinical efficacy is lacking.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Active intravascular clotting (e.g., Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - DIC)

不良反應

  • GI irritation (vomiting, diarrhea) in ~1% of dogs
  • Hyperkalemia (particularly in renal impaired patients)

注意事項

WARNING: Aminocaproic acid is absolutely contraindicated in patients with active ​Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)​ or active intravascular clotting, as it can lead to fatal thrombosis.

  • Use only when benefits outweigh risks in patients with preexisting cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease.
  • May cause hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with renal impairment.
  • Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Some animal studies have demonstrated teratogenicity; use only when the risk-to-benefit ratio merits.

藥物相互作用

Estrogens

Hypercoagulation states may occur in patients receiving aminocaproic acid and estrogens concurrently.

監測

  • Serum potassium (especially in patients with preexisting renal failure)
  • Signs of bleeding or thrombosis
  • Neurological status (if used for degenerative myelopathy)

藥物動力學

半衰期

馬2.3 hours

吸收

In humans, rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.

分佈

Well distributed in both intravascular and extravascular compartments and penetrates cells (including red blood cells). It does not bind to plasma proteins. Unknown if it enters maternal milk.

代謝

Minimal hepatic metabolism.

排除

Primarily renally excreted as unchanged drug.

過量

Toxicity: The intravenous lethal dose in dogs is reportedly 2.3 g/kg.

  • Clinical Signs: At lower IV overdosages, tonic-clonic seizures were noted in some dogs.
  • Treatment: There is no known specific antidote, but the drug is dialyzable. Treatment should consist of supportive care and seizure management (e.g., diazepam, midazolam) if necessary.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral tablets
  • Oral solution
  • Injection

人用標示

  • Aminocaproic Acid Oral Tablets: 500 mg & 1000 mg (Amicar®, generic)
  • Aminocaproic Oral Solution: 250 mg/mL (Amicar®, generic)
  • Aminocaproic Acid Injection: 250 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (generic)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Products should be stored at room temperature. Avoid freezing liquid preparations. Discoloration will occur if aldehydes or aldehydic sugars are present. When given as an IV infusion, normal saline, D5W, and Ringer's Injection are recommended diluents.

飼主須知

  • ​用途​：用於預防過度出血，或曾用於治療稱為退化性脊髓神經病變的脊髓疾病。
  • ​費用​：治療費用可能非常昂貴，特別是對於德國牧羊犬等大型犬。
  • ​預期效果​：如果用於退化性脊髓神經病變，請了解這被視為​試驗性​治療，且近期研究顯示幾乎沒有益處。神經系統症狀可能會繼續惡化。
  • ​副作用​：偶爾會引起輕微的腸胃不適（嘔吐、腹瀉）。如果出現這些情況或您注意到任何異常跡象，請聯繫您的獸醫。

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