氨茶鹼
Aminophylline
Theophylline ethylenediamine
別名: Aminophylline · Theophylline ethylenediamine
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchodilation | 10 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Bronchodilation: Or slowly i.v. (diluted) for emergency bronchodilation
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchodilation | 5 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Emergency bronchodilation | 2-5 mg/kg | IV | single dose | — | 🌍 EU |
- Emergency bronchodilation: Administer slowly and diluted
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
氨茶鹼是一種甲基黃嘌呤類支氣管擴張劑，主要用於治療小氣道疾病。它是茶鹼和乙二胺的穩定混合物（100毫克氨茶鹼相當於79毫克茶鹼）。本藥具有低治療指數，必須根據瘦體重謹慎給藥。
臨床警告： 對於患有嚴重心臟病、胃潰瘍、甲狀腺功能亢進、肝腎疾病、嚴重缺氧或嚴重高血壓的病患，應謹慎使用。
作用機制
Aminophylline acts via multiple pharmacological pathways:
- Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) → increased intracellular cAMP.
- Alteration of intracellular calcium levels.
- Release of endogenous catecholamines.
- Antagonism of adenosine and prostaglandin receptors.
These mechanisms collectively lead to bronchodilation, enhanced mucociliary clearance, stimulation of the respiratory centre, increased sensitivity to PaCO2, increased diaphragmatic contractility, stabilization of mast cells, and a mild inotropic and diuretic effect.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with a known history of arrhythmias
- Patients with a known history of seizures
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Polydipsia (PD)
- Polyuria (PU)
- Reduced appetite
- Tachycardia
- Arrhythmias
- Nausea
- Twitching
- Restlessness
- Agitation
- Excitement
- Convulsions
- Hyperaesthesia (especially in cats)
- Intense local pain (if given IM)
注意事項
- Low Therapeutic Index: Must be dosed carefully based on lean body weight.
- Therapeutic Monitoring: Target plasma aminophylline values are 5-20 μg/ml.
- Administration Warning: Do NOT mix aminophylline in a syringe with other drugs.
- Route Warning: Causes intense local pain when given IM; this route is very rarely used or recommended.
- Adverse Effects: Most adverse effects are dose-dependent and related to toxic serum concentrations. Modified-release preparations may decrease the severity of these effects.
藥物相互作用
May increase serum levels of aminophylline
May increase serum levels of aminophylline
May increase serum levels of aminophylline
May increase serum levels of aminophylline
May increase serum levels of aminophylline
May decrease the serum concentration of aminophylline
Aminophylline may decrease the effects of pancuronium
May antagonize each other's effects
Increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias
Increased incidence of seizures
監測
- Plasma aminophylline levels (Therapeutic range: 5-20 μg/ml)
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG if arrhythmias suspected)
- CNS signs (agitation, twitching, seizures)
- Clinical response (respiratory rate and effort)
過量
Overdose is directly related to toxic serum concentrations. Clinical signs of toxicity include severe vomiting, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, extreme agitation, hyperaesthesia (especially in cats), and convulsions/seizures. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable: 25 mg/ml solution
- Oral: 100 mg tablet
人用標示
- Aminophylline 25 mg/ml injectable solution
- Aminophylline 100 mg tablet
各地核准狀態
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM-V
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Do not mix aminophylline in a syringe with other drugs.
飼主須知
本藥物用於擴張氣道，幫助您的寵物呼吸更順暢。
- 嚴格遵照醫囑給藥： 本藥的安全範圍較窄，給藥過多極易引起中毒。
- 注意副作用： 如果發現寵物出現嘔吐、極度焦躁不安、心跳過快、抽搐或癲癇發作，請立即聯繫獸醫。
- 飲水與排尿增加： 您的寵物可能會比平時喝更多水並增加排尿量，請確保牠們隨時有充足的新鮮飲水。
- 請勿壓碎或咀嚼： 如果使用的是緩釋錠，必須整顆吞服。
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