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鉬酸銨 / 四硫代鉬酸銨

Ammonium Molybdate / Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate

Ammonium Molybdate, Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate

解毒劑 / 銅中毒治療藥物POIVSC羊

別名: Molypen · Molybdene Injectable · TTM · Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

1.7 mg/kg IV or 3.4 mg/kg SCIV/SC· every other day· 3 treatments
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劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

羊

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Copper poisoning200 mg per headPOonce daily3 weeks🌎 NA
Copper poisoning1.7-3.4 mg per headIV or SCevery other day3 treatments🌎 NA
Copper poisoning100 mg with 1-gram sodium sulfatePOdaily—🌎 NA
Copper poisoning200 mg ammonium or sodium molybdate plus 500 mg of sodium thiosulfatePOdailyup to 3 weeks🌎 NA
Copper poisoning1.7 mg/kg IV or 3.4 mg/kg SCIV/SCevery other day3 treatments🌎 NA
Copper poisoning50-500 mg ammonium molybdate and 300-1000 mg sodium thiosulfatePOonce daily3 weeks🌎 NA
Copper poisoning2-15 mg/kgIVq24h3-6 days🌎 NA
  • Copper poisoning: Ammonium molybdate
  • Copper poisoning: Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate
  • Copper poisoning: Ammonium molybdate
  • Copper poisoning: Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate
  • Copper poisoning: Alternative to TTM
  • Copper poisoning: Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

​鉬酸銨 (Ammonium molybdate)​ 與 ​四硫代鉬酸銨 (TTM)​ 是專門用於獸醫學的解毒劑，主要用於經濟動物（特別是綿羊）​銅中毒​的試驗性或恩慈療法。

​臨床要點：​ 綿羊對銅的蓄積和毒性極為敏感。這些化合物通常用於快速結合並排出體內過多的銅，以防止致命的溶血危象和肝衰竭。

  • ​鉬酸銨​通常以口服給藥，並常與硫酸鹽或硫代硫酸鹽結合使用。
  • ​四硫代鉬酸銨 (TTM)​ 透過腸胃外途徑（靜脈或皮下）給藥，但其不易溶解。
  • 由於目前沒有獸醫專用標籤產品，這些化合物通常需要從化學供應商處取得。

作用機制

Molybdate interacts with sulfur and copper in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic circulation to form thiomolybdates.

  • ​In the GI tract:​ Molybdate and sulfur combine to form thiomolybdates, which bind to dietary copper → forms insoluble copper-thiomolybdate complexes → prevents copper absorption and promotes excretion in feces.
  • ​Systemically:​ Parenteral TTM binds to free copper in the blood and extracts copper from metallothionein in the liver → forms a stable, inert complex → safely excreted by the kidneys.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Use with caution in pregnant animals (FDA Category C in humans)

不良反應

  • Long-term toxic endocrinopathy (retention of TTM in CNS, pituitary, and adrenal glands)
  • Infertility (delayed onset, 2-3 years post-treatment)
  • Progressive unthriftiness and death (delayed onset)

注意事項

​Regulatory Warning:​ It is highly recommended to contact the FDA for guidance before treating food animals with molybdate compounds.

  • ​Withdrawal Times:​ FARAD recommends a minimum 10-day preslaughter withdrawal time and a minimum 5-day milk withholding interval.
  • ​Preparation:​ Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate does not go into solution readily; therefore, orally administered ammonium molybdate is often preferred in field settings.
  • ​Pregnancy:​ FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, though adequate human/veterinary studies are lacking.

監測

  • Clinical signs of copper toxicity (jaundice, hemoglobinuria, weakness)
  • Liver and kidney function
  • Long-term monitoring for unthriftiness or reproductive failure

藥物動力學

分佈

TTM can be retained in the CNS, pituitary, and adrenal glands long-term.

過量

While acute overdose information is limited, long-term retention of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) in the CNS, pituitary, and adrenal glands has been documented to cause a toxic endocrinopathy. This can result in delayed infertility, progressive unthriftiness, and death 2-3 years post-treatment.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injection (human-labeled): 25 mcg/mL
  • Chemical powder (for compounding oral or injectable solutions)

獸醫用

  • None (obtained from chemical supply houses)

人用標示

  • Ammonium Molybdate Injection: 25 mcg/mL (as 46 mcg/mL ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate) in 10 mL vial (Molypen)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

飼主須知

​重要安全提示：​ 本藥物是一種特定的解毒劑，用於治療綿羊及其他反芻動物危及生命的銅中毒。

  • ​給藥方式：​ 請嚴格遵循獸醫的給藥時間表。口服劑型通常會與其他化合物（如硫酸鈉）混合以增強療效。
  • ​食品安全：​ 為了確保供人類食用的食品安全，請嚴格遵守 ​肉類10天​ 及 ​乳製品5天​ 的停藥期。
  • ​長期監測：​ 接受治療的動物可能需要長期監測。解毒劑本身可能會在治療數年後對動物的繁殖能力和整體健康產生延遲性影響。

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