鉬酸銨 / 四硫代鉬酸銨
**鉬酸銨 (Ammonium molybdate)** 與 **四硫代鉬酸銨 (TTM)** 是專門用於獸醫學的解毒劑，主要用於經濟動物（特別是綿羊）**銅中毒**的試驗性或恩慈療法。 > **臨床要點：** 綿羊對銅的蓄積和毒性極為敏感。這些化合物通常用於快速結合並排出體內過多的銅，以防止致命的溶血危象和肝衰竭。 * **鉬酸銨**通常以口服給藥，並常與硫酸鹽或硫代硫酸鹽結合使用。 * **四硫代鉬酸銨 (TTM)** 透過腸胃外途徑（靜脈或皮下）給藥，但其不易溶解。 * 由於目前沒有獸醫專用標籤產品，這些化合物通常需要從化學供應商處取得。
作用機制: Molybdate interacts with sulfur and copper in the gastrointestinal tract and systemic circulation to form **thiomolybdates**. * **In the GI tract:** Molybdate and sulfur combine to form thiomolybdates, which bind to dietary copper → forms insoluble copper-thiomolybdate complexes → prevents copper absorption and promotes excretion in feces. * **Systemically:** Parenteral TTM binds to free copper in the blood and extracts copper from metallothionein in the liver → forms a stable, inert complex → safely excreted by the kidneys.
各物種劑量
- Copper poisoning · 200 mg per head · PO · once daily · 3 weeks · Ammonium molybdate
- Copper poisoning · 1.7-3.4 mg per head · IV or SC · every other day · 3 treatments · Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate
- Copper poisoning · 100 mg with 1-gram sodium sulfate · PO · daily · Ammonium molybdate
- Copper poisoning · 200 mg ammonium or sodium molybdate plus 500 mg of sodium thiosulfate · PO · daily · up to 3 weeks
- Copper poisoning · 1.7 mg/kg IV or 3.4 mg/kg SC · IV/SC · every other day · 3 treatments · Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate
- Copper poisoning · 50-500 mg ammonium molybdate and 300-1000 mg sodium thiosulfate · PO · once daily · 3 weeks · Alternative to TTM
- Copper poisoning · 2-15 mg/kg · IV · q24h · 3-6 days · Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Use with caution in pregnant animals (FDA Category C in humans)
不良反應
- Long-term toxic endocrinopathy (retention of TTM in CNS, pituitary, and adrenal glands)
- Infertility (delayed onset, 2-3 years post-treatment)
- Progressive unthriftiness and death (delayed onset)
監測
- Clinical signs of copper toxicity (jaundice, hemoglobinuria, weakness)
- Liver and kidney function
- Long-term monitoring for unthriftiness or reproductive failure
過量
While acute overdose information is limited, long-term retention of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) in the CNS, pituitary, and adrenal glands has been documented to cause a **toxic endocrinopathy**. This can result in delayed infertility, progressive unthriftiness, and death 2-3 years post-treatment.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。