安普羅鎓
Amprolium
Amprolium hydrochloride
別名: Amprovine · Corid · Coxoid · Coxiprol · Nemapro · Harkers Pigeon Coccidiosis Treatment · Amprolium hydrochloride · Amprocidi
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis (Small Pups < 10 kg adult weight) | 100 mg (total dose) | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Large Pups > 10 kg adult weight) | 200 mg (total dose) | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Pups or bitches, in food) | 250-300 mg total dose | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Pups or bitches, in water) | 30 mL of the 9.6% solution in one gallon of water | PO | ad libitum | 7-10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Prophylaxis | 0.075% solution as drinking water | PO | ad libitum | — | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Combination therapy) | 150 mg/kg of amprolium and 25 mg/kg of sulfadimethoxine | PO | q24h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Control of coccidiosis | 1.5 tablespoonsful (22.5 mL) of the 9.6% solution per one gallon of water | PO | ad libitum | Not to exceed 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 200-300 mg/dog | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌍 EU |
| Coccidiosis | 60-100 mg/dog | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌍 EU |
| Coccidiosis | 200 mg/dog | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌍 EU |
- Coccidiosis (Small Pups < 10 kg adult weight): Using the 20% powder in a gelatin capsule
- Coccidiosis (Large Pups > 10 kg adult weight): Using the 20% powder in a gelatin capsule
- Coccidiosis (Pups or bitches, in food): Using the 20% powder on food
- Coccidiosis (Pups or bitches, in water): No other water provided
- Control of coccidiosis: Sole drinking water source. Monitor water consumption; rarely some dogs may not drink due to bitter taste.
- Coccidiosis: Various doses are suggested.
- Coccidiosis: Dose for small puppies.
- Coccidiosis: Dose for larger puppies.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cystoisospora spp. | 60-100 mg total dose | PO | q24h | 7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (On food) | 300-400 mg/kg | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (On food) | 110-220 mg/kg | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (In water) | 1.5 teaspoonsful (7.5 mL) of the 9.6% solution in one gallon of water per day | PO | ad libitum | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Combination therapy) | 150 mg/kg amprolium with sulfadimethoxine (25 mg/kg) | PO | q24h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 60-100 mg/cat | PO | q24h | 7 days | 🌍 EU |
| Coccidiosis | 110-220 mg/kg | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌍 EU |
- Coccidiosis: Administer on food.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis (Rabbits) | 1 mL/7 kg BW (using 9.6% solution) | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Rabbits, in drinking water) | 0.5 mL/500 mL | PO | ad libitum | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Gerbils, Mice, Rats, Hamsters) | 10-20 mg/kg total daily dose divided | SC/IM | q8-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis (Chinchillas) | 10-15 mg/kg per day divided | SC/IM/IV | q8-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis | 19 mg/kg | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis in pet birds | 2 mL (using the 9.6% solution)/gallon of water | PO | ad libitum | 5 days or longer | 🌎 NA |
- Coccidiosis in pet birds: Cages should be steam cleaned. Supplement diet with B vitamins. Some strains resistant in Toucans and Mynahs.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis Treatment | 10 mg/kg | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis Prophylaxis | 5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | 21 days | 🌎 NA |
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis Treatment | 25-65 mg/kg | PO | q12-24h | 3-4 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis Treatment | 100 mg/kg/day in food or water | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis (Lambs) | 55 mg/kg daily | PO | q24h | 19 days | 🌎 NA |
| Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids - New World) | 10 mg/kg | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids - New World) | 10 mg/kg as a 1.5% solution | PO | q24h | 10-15 days | 🌎 NA |
- Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids - New World): Dosed for camelids
- Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids - New World): Give thiamine at 10 mg/kg SC once daily every 5 days during treatment. Dosed for camelids.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
安普羅鎓是一種廣泛使用的抗球蟲藥，結構上類似於硫胺素（維生素B1）。雖然FDA主要核准用於家禽和牛隻以治療和預防艾美球蟲（Eimeria）感染，但它也常被標示外使用於伴侶動物、小型哺乳動物和特寵，以治療球蟲症（例如犬貓的等孢球蟲 Cystoisospora spp.）。
臨床要點：
- 由於它作為硫胺素的競爭性抑制劑，短期使用的安全範圍通常很廣，但長期使用可能會引發硫胺素缺乏症（反芻動物的腦灰質軟化症或小動物的神經症狀）。
- 療程通常不應超過12-14天。
- 液體製劑非常苦；當透過飲水給藥時，必須密切監測病患以確保攝取足夠的水分。
作用機制
Amprolium is a thiamine (Vitamin B1) analog. It competitively inhibits the active transport and utilization of thiamine by the parasite.
- Mechanism: Amprolium → blocks thiamine uptake → disrupts carbohydrate metabolism in the parasite (specifically inhibiting thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent enzymes) → parasite death.
- It primarily targets the first-generation schizont in the cells of the intestinal wall, preventing differentiation into merozoites. It may also suppress the sexual stages and sporulation of oocysts.
- Because the host's thiamine transport mechanisms have a lower affinity for amprolium than the parasite's, toxicity to the host is minimized during short-term therapy.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Prolonged use (>12-14 days) especially in puppies
- Concurrent high-dose thiamine supplementation (reduces efficacy)
不良反應
- Neurologic disturbances (rare, dose-related)
- Depression
- Anorexia
- Diarrhea
- Thiamine deficiency (polioencephalomalacia) with prolonged high doses
注意事項
Not recommended to be used for more than 12 days in puppies. Prolonged high dosages can cause thiamine deficiency in the host. The undiluted liquid or pastes are reportedly unpalatable, which may lead to decreased water or food intake if mixed.
藥物相互作用
Exogenously administered thiamine in high doses may reverse or reduce the anticoccidial efficacy of amprolium.
Exogenously administered thiamine may reduce the efficacy of amprolium.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea, negative fecal floats)
- Hydration status (especially if administered in drinking water)
- Neurologic signs (ataxia, depression) indicating potential thiamine deficiency
過量
Amprolium has induced polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in sheep when administered at 880 mg/kg PO for 4-6 weeks and at 1 gram/kg for 3-5 weeks. Erythrocyte production also ceased in lambs receiving these high dosages.
In dogs, overdoses of amprolium will produce neurologic clinical signs.
Treatment:
- Discontinue amprolium therapy immediately.
- Administer parenteral thiamine (1-10 mg/day IM or IV).
可用產品
劑型
- 9.6% (96 mg/mL) Oral Solution
- 20% Soluble Powder
- Medicated feeds
獸醫用
- Amprolium 9.6% (96 mg/mL) Oral Solution (Amprovine, Corid)
- Amprolium 20% Soluble Powder (Corid)
- Medicated feeds and feed additives
各地核准狀態
Available as AVM-GSL (Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List) in some regions.
Marketed as AVM-GSL for pigeons; used off-label in dogs and cats.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, amprolium products should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C).
飼主須知
重要提示： 本藥物用於治療球蟲（一種常見的腸道寄生蟲）。通常會混入寵物的食物或飲水中給予。
- 味道與水分補充： 本藥的液體形式非常苦。如果指示您將其加入寵物的飲水中，請密切觀察以確保牠們確實有喝水。如果寵物拒絕喝水，請立即聯繫獸醫師，以防發生危險的脫水。
- 飲食補充品： 除非獸醫師明確指示，否則在服藥期間請勿給予寵物額外的維生素B補充品（特別是硫胺素），因為這會使藥物失效。
- 副作用： 請注意是否出現食慾不振、腹瀉或異常的神經症狀（如步態不穩、極度嗜睡或虛弱）。如果出現這些情況，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
- 衛生： 球蟲透過糞便傳播。請頻繁清潔貓砂盆、籠子和庭院，以防寵物反覆感染。
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