歐洲蝰蛇抗毒血清
European Adder Antivenom
Equine-derived F(ab')2-antivenin (Vipera berus)
別名: European Adder Antivenom · Vipera berus antivenom · Adder antivenin · Viper antivenom
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各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adder bite envenomation | 10 ml per animal slow i.v. (regardless of size). Consider giving 0.5 ml i.v. first and then wait 20 min to test for anaphylaxis. | IV | Single dose | Once | 🌍 EU |
- Adder bite envenomation: Administer slowly. Dose is per animal, not weight-dependent, as the venom load is independent of the victim's size.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adder bite envenomation | 10 ml per animal slow i.v. (regardless of size). Consider giving 0.5 ml i.v. first and then wait 20 min to test for anaphylaxis. | IV | Single dose | Once | 🌍 EU |
- Adder bite envenomation: Administer slowly. Dose is per animal, not weight-dependent.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
用於治療歐洲蝰蛇（Vipera berus）咬傷的特異性免疫球蛋白（抗毒血清）。
臨床警告： 抗毒血清的療效會隨咬傷後的時間推移而降低。對於局部腫脹的改善僅限於咬傷後 24 小時內給藥；然而，對於全身性症狀（若有出現），即使在咬傷 24 小時後給藥仍有助益。
臨床提示： 目前尚無已發表的文獻能確切證實其可縮短小動物的恢復時間，但它仍是嚴重蛇毒中毒的決定性療法。此抗毒血清對其他種類的蛇咬傷無效，遇到其他蛇咬傷應緊急尋求專家協助。在英國，可透過 VPIS ToxBox 服務緊急取得。
作用機制
Contains specific immunoglobulins (typically equine-derived F(ab')2 fragments) raised against Vipera berus venom. These antibodies directly bind to and neutralize the circulating venom toxins → preventing further tissue damage, coagulopathy, and systemic toxic effects.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- No specific contraindications available, but use with extreme caution in animals with known hypersensitivity to equine proteins.
不良反應
- Anaphylactic reactions (can be severe)
- Facial swelling (unrelated to the snake bite itself)
- Profound panting
- Unproductive cough
注意事項
Anaphylaxis Risk: Equine-derived antivenoms carry a significant risk of hypersensitivity/anaphylaxis. It is strongly recommended to administer a small test dose (e.g., 0.5 ml IV) and observe for 20 minutes before administering the full dose.
- Supply & Import: In the UK, current approved suppliers can be found on the VMD website. A special dispensation from the VMD can enable supply, purchase, and use prior to STC approval in urgent cases.
監測
- Signs of anaphylaxis during and immediately after administration (panting, facial swelling, hypotension, collapse)
- Progression or resolution of local swelling
- Systemic signs of envenomation (coagulation parameters, cardiovascular status, renal function)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Administered intravenously for immediate systemic availability.
分佈
Distributes through extracellular fluid to bind circulating venom.
代謝
Degraded by the reticuloendothelial system like other immunoglobulins.
排除
Cleared via normal protein degradation pathways.
過量
No specific information available. The primary risk with large volumes of equine-derived serum is volume overload and an increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions (serum sickness).
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable: 10 ml vial for injection (100 mg/ml)
獸醫用
- 10 ml vial for injection (100 mg/ml)
各地核准狀態
Availability and specific approvals vary by member state.
Special dispensation from the VMD can enable supply, purchase, and use prior to STC approval in urgent cases. Urgent provision may also be possible via the VPIS ToxBox service.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store according to manufacturer instructions, typically refrigerated (2°C to 8°C). Do not freeze.
飼主須知
如果您的寵物被蛇咬傷，請盡量保持寵物平靜與靜止，並立即尋求獸醫急診。切勿嘗試吸出毒液或使用止血帶。
抗毒血清是治療嚴重蛇咬傷最有效的療法，但具有引發過敏反應的風險。您的獸醫會在給藥期間密切監測您的寵物。康復過程可能需要數天，嚴格的休息是絕對必要的。
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