阿扎哌隆
**阿扎哌隆 (Azaperone)** 是一種強效的**丁醯苯類鎮靜劑**和神經阻斷劑，主要用於豬隻和野生動物管理。 * **豬隻**：控制攻擊行為的首選藥物，特別是在混合或重新編組斷奶豬或肉豬時，可防止打鬥和壓力。也用於產科和麻醉前給藥。 * **野生動物**：常與布托啡諾 (Butorphanol) 和美托咪啶 (Medetomidine) 結合使用（稱為 **BAM** 方案），用於鹿科動物的保定。 * **馬匹**：通常避免用於馬匹，因為會引起不良反應，包括出汗、肌肉震顫、恐慌、中樞神經興奮和顯著的動脈低血壓。 > **臨床重點**：與吩噻嗪類（如乙醯丙嗪）不同，阿扎哌隆在豬隻中提供可靠的鎮靜作用，但缺乏鎮痛效果。對於疼痛性操作，必須與鴉片類藥物或局部麻醉劑結合使用。
作用機制: Azaperone exerts its effects primarily through the central nervous system and peripheral vasculature: * **Dopamine (D2) Receptor Antagonism**: Blocks D2 receptors in the brain (basal ganglia and limbic system) → produces profound tranquilization, reduced motor activity, and anti-emetic effects. * **Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockade**: Antagonizes peripheral α1-receptors → causes vasodilation, which can lead to mild to moderate **hypotension**. * **Thermoregulation**: Prevents halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine by stabilizing thermoregulatory centers. * **Respiratory Effects**: Has minimal direct effects on respiration and may inhibit some respiratory depressant actions of general anesthetics.
各物種劑量
- Mixing feeder or weanling pigs · 2.2 mg/kg deeply IM · IM · Single dose · No longer on US market
- Aggression (prevention and cure of fighting; including regrouping of piglets, porkers, fattening pigs) · 2 mg/kg (1 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose · Given IM directly behind the ear using a long hypodermic needle, perpendicular to the skin.
- Treatment of aggression in sows · 2 mg/kg (1 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose
- Stress (restlessness, anxiety, etc.) · 1-2 mg/kg (0.5-1 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose
- Transport of boars · 1 mg/kg (0.5 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose
- Transport of weaners · 0.4-2 mg/kg (0.4-1 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose
- Obstetrics · 1 mg/kg (0.5 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose
- As a premed · 1-2 mg/kg (0.5-1 mL/20 kg) · IM · Single dose
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Very cold conditions (risk of cardiovascular collapse)
不良反應
- Transient salivation
- Piling
- Panting
- Shivering
- Hypotension
- Penis extrusion in boars (at doses >1 mg/kg)
- Hypoventilation and hypoxemia (when used in BAM combo in deer)
藥物相互作用
- CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics) · May cause additive CNS depression if used concurrently with butyrophenones.
監測
- Level of sedation
- Cardiovascular status (blood pressure)
過量
Azaperone overdoses can cause **hypotension**. Doses >1 mg/kg in boars may cause **penis extrusion** leading to damage. There is no specific reversal agent for azaperone; treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。