巴氯芬
Baclofen
aminomethyl chlorohydrocinnamic acid
別名: Lioresal · Kemstro · Baclohexal · Baclon · Baclopar · Baclosal · Baclospas · Balgifen · Clinispas · Lebic · Liotec · Miorel · Neurospas · Nu-Baclo · Pacifen · Vioridon · aminomethyl chlorohydrocinnamic acid · Ba-34647 · baclofenum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To treat urinary retention by decreasing urethral resistance | 1-2 mg/kg | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| To treat urinary retention by decreasing urethral resistance | 5-10 mg (total dose) | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
巴氯芬 (Baclofen) 是一種中樞作用的骨骼肌鬆弛劑。在獸醫學中，主要用於標示外用途，幫助治療犬隻的功能性尿瀦留（透過降低尿道括約肌張力）。
臨床要點：
- 巴氯芬在動物體內的安全範圍非常狹窄，常因誤食人類藥物而導致嚴重中毒。
- 嚴禁使用於貓。
- 由於在治療劑量下難以穿透血腦屏障，其中樞作用有限，但大量過量會導致嚴重的中樞神經抑制。
作用機制
Baclofen is a structural analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). It acts primarily as a GABA-B receptor agonist at the spinal cord level.
- Activation of GABA-B receptors → hyperpolarization of primary afferent nerve terminals → inhibition of the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (such as glutamate and aspartate).
- This reduces gamma efferent neuronal activity, decreasing the frequency and amplitude of muscle spasms.
- In the lower urinary tract, it specifically reduces striated sphincter tone in the urethra, facilitating bladder emptying.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Cats (strictly not recommended)
- Hypersensitivity to baclofen
不良反應
- Sedation
- Weakness
- Pruritus
- Salivation
- Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, abdominal cramping)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders and working dogs that must be alert. Do not stop therapy abruptly, as hallucinations and seizures have been reported in humans upon sudden discontinuation. Do not give the intrathecal medication by any other route.
藥物相互作用
May cause additive CNS depression
監測
- Efficacy (improvement in urination)
- Adverse effects (sedation, weakness, GI signs)
藥物動力學
吸收
Rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration, but with wide interpatient variation.
分佈
Widely distributed; only a small percentage crosses the blood-brain barrier. Crosses the placenta.
代謝
Less than 15% of a dose is metabolized by the liver.
排除
Eliminated primarily by the kidneys.
過量
Baclofen has a narrow margin of safety in dogs.
- Toxicity Thresholds: Deaths have been reported at doses as low as 8 mg/kg. Clinical signs can appear at doses as low as 1.3 mg/kg.
- Clinical Signs: Vomiting, depression, vocalization, hypersalivation, ataxia, hypotonia, muscle twitching, hypothermia, and lethargy. Massive overdoses may cause respiratory depression, coma, or seizures.
- Onset & Duration: Signs can occur 15 minutes to 7 hours post-ingestion and persist for hours to days.
- Treatment:
- In alert patients, empty the gut (emesis/lavage).
- Avoid magnesium-containing saline cathartics (may compound CNS depression).
- Forced fluid diuresis may enhance excretion.
- Mechanical ventilation for respiratory depression.
- Cyproheptadine (1.1 mg/kg PO or PR) may alleviate vocalization and disorientation.
- Atropine may improve ventilation, HR, BP, and body temperature.
- Diazepam for seizures.
- Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) may be useful as baclofen is lipid-soluble.
可用產品
劑型
- Orally disintegrating tablets
- Intrathecal injection
- Compounded oral suspension
人用標示
- Baclofen Tablets: 10 mg & 20 mg (Lioresal, generic)
- Baclofen orally disintegrating tablets: 10 mg & 20 mg (Kemstro)
- Baclofen Intrathecal Injection: 0.05 mg/mL, 500 mcg/mL, 2000 mcg/mL (Lioresal Intrathecal)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Do not store tablets above 30°C (86°F). Intrathecal product should be stored at room temperature; do not freeze or heat sterilize. Compounded oral suspensions should be protected from light.
飼主須知
重要警告： 巴氯芬對寵物具有高度毒性。請將所有人類藥物妥善收納於寵物無法觸及之處。
- 嚴格遵守處方劑量：絕不可給予超過指示的劑量。
- 請勿突然停藥：未經獸醫師同意突然停藥可能導致癲癇等嚴重戒斷症狀。
- 觀察中毒跡象：如出現極度嗜睡、虛弱、流口水、嘔吐或異常吠叫，請立即聯絡獸醫師或動物毒物控制中心。
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