倍他米松
Betamethasone
別名: Gentocin Durafilm (historical) · Isaderm · Osurnia · Otomax · Betnesol · Maxidex · Betametasona · Betamethasonum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
此藥的劑量資料尚未收錄於 VetSheet 藥典，以下其他章節資料完整。處方前請參閱最新藥品說明書。
概覽
倍他米松是一種強效、長效的糖皮質激素，在獸醫學中主要用於其顯著的抗炎和免疫抑制作用。在眼科應用中，它曾作為獸醫批准的抗菌-類固醇複方製劑（Gentocin Durafilm®）提供。雖然目前已停產，但調劑藥劑師仍可根據特定臨床需求提供慶大黴素和倍他米松的複方製劑。
作用機制
Betamethasone diffuses across cell membranes and binds to specific cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors. The receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus, where it alters gene expression (transactivation and transrepression).
→ Inhibits phospholipase A2 (via lipocortin induction), blocking the release of arachidonic acid. → Decreases production of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines). → Suppresses immune system response by reducing leukocyte migration and capillary permeability.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Suspected corneal abrasion
- Corneal ulceration
- Feline herpes keratitis (FHV-1)
不良反應
- Delayed corneal healing
- Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Potentiation of ocular infections
- Systemic absorption leading to adrenal suppression (rare with topical use but possible in small patients)
注意事項
Warning: This preparation should never be utilized if corneal abrasion or ulceration are suspected. It is strictly contraindicated in cats with suspected or confirmed herpes keratitis due to the risk of severe exacerbation and corneal melting.
藥物相互作用
Increased risk of GI ulceration
Glucocorticoids antagonize the effect of insulin
May accelerate the metabolism of corticosteroids
May decrease the metabolism of corticosteroids
Increased risk of hypokalaemia
Increased risk of hypokalaemia
Increased risk of hypokalaemia
Increased risk of hypokalaemia
監測
- Fluorescein staining (to ensure intact cornea prior to and during use)
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Resolution of clinical signs of inflammation
藥物動力學
吸收
Topical ophthalmic corticosteroids can be absorbed systemically, particularly if the corneal epithelium is compromised or if applied frequently.
分佈
Distributes locally into the cornea, aqueous humor, and anterior uvea.
代謝
Hepatic metabolism if systemically absorbed.
排除
Excreted primarily via the kidneys.
過量
Overdose via topical ophthalmic administration is unlikely to cause acute life-threatening signs, but chronic overuse can lead to iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) and local ocular complications (glaucoma, corneal degeneration).
可用產品
劑型
- Ophthalmic drops (compounded)
各地核准狀態
POM-V, POM
POM-V, POM
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store compounded preparations according to the dispensing pharmacy's instructions, typically at room temperature away from light and moisture.
飼主須知
給藥方式： 請嚴格按照獸醫的指示使用。使用前後請洗手。請勿讓滴管尖端接觸眼睛或任何其他表面。
安全性： 切勿在未經獸醫明確指示的情況下使用此藥物，特別是當您的寵物瞇眼或眼睛發紅時，因為如果存在角膜刮傷或潰瘍，使用此藥可能會導致嚴重的眼睛損傷甚至失明。
監測： 如果您寵物的眼睛變得更混濁、更疼痛或分泌物增加，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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