倍他洛爾
**倍他洛爾 (Betaxolol)** 是一種局部眼用藥物，主要用於控制犬的**青光眼**。它是一種心臟選擇性（β-1）β受體阻斷劑，透過減少房水產生來降低眼內壓。它可以單獨使用，也可以與其他局部抗青光眼藥物（如碳酸酐酶抑制劑）合併使用。它也可用於患有單側原發性閉角型青光眼犬隻的另一隻眼睛的預防性治療。 > **臨床警告：** 儘管是局部給藥，仍可能發生全身性吸收。對患有未受控制的心力衰竭或氣喘的病患應極度謹慎使用或避免使用。
作用機制: Betaxolol acts as a **beta-1 selective beta-blocker**. It works by blocking **beta-adrenoreceptors** in the ciliary body → decreasing the production of aqueous humour → lowering intraocular pressure (IOP).
各物種劑量
- Management of glaucoma (including prophylactic management in unilateral primary closed-angle glaucoma) · 1 drop per eye · topical · q12h · Not specified · Can be used alone or in combination with other topical glaucoma drugs (e.g., topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors).
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Uncontrolled heart failure
- Asthma
不良反應
- Miosis
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
- Local ocular irritation
藥物相互作用
- Oral beta-blockers · Additive adverse effects (systemic beta-blockade) · moderate
- Calcium antagonists · Prolonged atrioventricular (AV) conduction times · major
- Digoxin · Prolonged atrioventricular (AV) conduction times · major
監測
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Heart rate and rhythm (due to potential systemic absorption)
- Signs of local ocular irritation
過量
**Clinical Pearl:** Overdosage via the ophthalmic route is rare but excessive application may lead to systemic absorption. Signs of systemic beta-blocker overdose include bradycardia, hypotension, and bronchospasm. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。