寶丹酮十一酸酯
**寶丹酮十一酸酯 (Boldenone undecylenate)** 是一種長效的注射型**同化類固醇 (anabolic steroid)**，衍生自睪固酮。在獸醫學上主要用於治療虛弱的馬匹，幫助改善體重、毛色及整體身體狀況。 在小動物醫學中，過去曾標示外使用於貓作為食慾促進劑，但由於具有肝毒性風險，目前已大多被更安全有效的替代藥物所取代。 > **臨床要點：** 寶丹酮以十一酸酯的形式配製於芝麻油載體中，這會延遲其從肌肉注射部位的吸收，並提供長達數週的持續釋放效果。由於其促進肌肉生長的特性，在美國被列為**第三級管制藥品 (C-III)**，具有極高的人類濫用及非法流用風險。
作用機制: Boldenone works by binding to intracellular **androgen receptors** in muscle and other tissues → the receptor-steroid complex translocates to the nucleus → alters gene transcription → promotes protein synthesis, nitrogen retention, and tissue building (anabolism) while reversing catabolism. * **Erythropoiesis:** Stimulates red blood cell production, likely by increasing the production of **erythropoietic stimulating factor (erythropoietin)**. * **Endocrine Feedback:** High doses cause negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland → inhibits **Luteinizing Hormone (LH)** and **Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)** → suppresses endogenous testosterone release and impedes spermatogenesis. * **Electrolyte Balance:** Causes retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, and decreases urinary excretion of calcium.
各物種劑量
- As an appetite stimulant · 5 mg (total dose) IM/SC every 7 days · IM/SC · q7d · Anabolic steroids not as effective as many other appetite stimulants and may be associated with hepatotoxicity
- Debilitated horses (improvement in weight, haircoat, or general physical condition) · 1.1 mg/kg IM; may repeat in 3 week intervals · IM · q3w · Most horses will respond with one or two treatments. ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug.
- Debilitated horses · 1 mg/kg IM; repeated at 3 week intervals · IM · q3w · ARCI UCGFS Class 4 Drug.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Stallions intended for reproduction
- Pregnant mares (Category X - risk of fetal masculinization)
- Non-pregnant mares intended for reproduction
- Horses intended for food purposes
- Patients with hepatic dysfunction
- Patients with hypercalcemia
- Patients with a history of myocardial infarction
- Patients with pituitary insufficiency
- Patients with prostate carcinoma or benign prostatic hypertrophy
不良反應
- Androgenic effects (over-aggressiveness)
- Detrimental effects on testis size and sperm production in males
- Altered sexual behavior, shortened estrus, and reduced pregnancy rates in females
- Clitoral enlargement in females
- Hepatotoxicity
- Sodium and water retention
藥物相互作用
- Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) · Anabolic agents may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants; monitoring of INR and dosage adjustment are recommended.
- Corticosteroids / ACTH · May enhance the edema that can be associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy.
- Insulin · May decrease blood glucose and decrease insulin requirements; diabetic patients may need dosage adjustments.
監測
- Androgenic side effects (e.g., aggression, behavioral changes)
- Fluid and electrolyte status, if indicated
- Liver function tests, if indicated
- Red blood cell count and indices, if indicated
- Weight and appetite
過量
Sodium and water retention can occur after overdosage of anabolic steroids. It is suggested to treat supportively and monitor liver function should an inadvertent overdose be administered.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。