卡麥角林
Cabergoline
1-[(6-allylergolin-8β-yl)carbonyl]-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylurea
別名: Dostinex · Galastop · Cabasar · Actualene · Sostilar · Kelactin · FCE-21336 · cabergolina · Cabergolinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estrus induction | 5 micrograms/kg PO once daily induces fertile proestrus in 4-25 days. | PO | q24h | 4-25 days | 🌎 NA |
| Estrus induction | 5 micrograms/kg PO once daily until an induced proestrus is pronounced for 2 days or until onset of estrus | PO | q24h | Until proestrus is pronounced for 2 days or onset of estrus | 🌎 NA |
| Estrus induction | 0.6 micrograms/kg PO once daily. Make a 10 micrograms per mL solution by dissolving commercial tablets in warm distilled water (One 0.5 mg tablet (500 micrograms) per 50 mL of distilled water.) Give the appropriate dose for the patient within 15 minutes of preparation and discard the remaining solution. Continue until day 2 after the onset of the first signs of proestrus, or until day 42 without signs of proestrus. | PO | q24h | Until day 2 after onset of proestrus, or up to 42 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pseudocyesis (pseudopregnancy) | 5 micrograms/kg once a day PO for 5-10 days. | PO | q24h | 5-10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pseudocyesis | 5 micrograms/kg once a day or every other day SC | SC | q24h or q48h | Not specified | 🌎 NA |
| Pseudocyesis | 5 micrograms/kg PO once daily for 4-5 days; occasional failures can be handled by repeating treatment and extending duration to 8-10 days. | PO | q24h | 4-5 days (up to 8-10 days) | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of mastitis after puppies weaned | 5 micrograms/kg PO daily. | PO | q24h | Not specified | 🌎 NA |
| Pre-treat mammary tumors prior to surgery (during diestrous period) | 5 micrograms/kg PO 5-7 days before surgery. | PO | q24h | 5-7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pregnancy termination | Administer after day 40: 5 micrograms/kg PO for 5 days | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pregnancy termination | Between days 35-45: Cabergoline 5 micrograms/kg PO once daily for 7 days in food and cloprostenol at 1 microgram/kg SC (after a tenfold dilution with physiologic saline) on days 1 and 3 given at least 8 hours after food. If pregnancy not terminated by day 8, cabergoline continued (at same dose) until day 12. | PO | q24h | 7-12 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease) | 0.1 mg/kg PO every 3 days. | PO | q72h | Not specified | 🌎 NA |
| Pseudopregnancy / Suppression of lactation | 5 μg/kg | PO | sid | 4-6 days | 🌍 EU |
| Estrus induction | 5 μg/kg | PO | sid | Until proestrus begins (up to 40 days) | 🌍 EU |
- Estrus induction: 81% (22 of 27) of dogs treated at this low dose showed proestrus between days 4 and 48.
- Pseudocyesis: Likely needs to be compounded.
- Pseudocyesis: Additional protocols for treatment failures include combining cabergoline with metergoline (500 micrograms/kg PO twice daily), or cabergoline with bromocriptine (10-30 micrograms/kg PO twice daily).
- Pregnancy termination: Approximately 50% effective.
- Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease): Effective in 70% of dogs treated. Dogs with tumor sizes greater than 5 mm did not respond.
- Pseudopregnancy / Suppression of lactation: Administer directly into the mouth or mixed with food.
- Estrus induction: Off-label use.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy termination | At 30 days post-coitus, cabergoline at 5 micrograms/kg PO q24h and cloprostenol 5 micrograms/kg SC q48h in 7-13 days was used to induce abortion. | PO | q24h | 7-13 days | 🌎 NA |
| Reduce prolactin production in queens | 5 micrograms/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | Not specified | 🌎 NA |
| Pre-treat mammary tumors prior to surgery (during diestrous period) | 5 micrograms/kg PO 5-7 days before surgery. | PO | q24h | 5-7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Suppression of lactation / Pseudopregnancy | 5 μg/kg | PO | sid | 4-6 days | 🌍 EU |
- Suppression of lactation / Pseudopregnancy: Off-label in some regions, but widely used.
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persistent egg laying in psittacines (in combination with removal of males, altered light cycle) | Initially 10-20 micrograms/kg PO daily; higher dosages were also used. | PO | q24h | Not specified | 🌎 NA |
- Persistent egg laying in psittacines (in combination with removal of males, altered light cycle): Further work needed to determine the exact dose rate.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
卡麥角林 (Cabergoline) 是一種合成的麥角衍生物，在獸醫學中主要用於其強效的降低催乳素作用。
- 主要適應症： 治療犬貓的假懷孕、誘導/同步發情、終止妊娠以及乳腺炎的管理。
- 臨床優勢： 與較舊的多巴胺促效劑（如溴隱亭 bromocriptine）相比，卡麥角林的耐受性更好，具有更高的受體特異性、更長的作用時間，且引發嘔吐的發生率顯著較低。
- 仿單標示外使用： 在治療犬隻的腦下垂體依賴性腎上腺皮質機能亢進（庫興氏症）及鸚鵡的持續產卵方面顯示出部分療效。
- 成本考量： 對於大型犬可能非常昂貴，但目前已有學名藥錠劑可供選擇。通常需要由藥師進行調劑以確保獸醫劑量的準確性。
作用機制
Cabergoline is a highly specific, long-acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist.
- Mechanism: It binds with high affinity to D2 receptors on lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
- Pathway: D2 receptor activation → inhibition of adenylyl cyclase → decreased intracellular cAMP → direct suppression of prolactin synthesis and secretion.
- Reproductive Impact: Because prolactin is luteotropic in dogs and cats (it maintains the corpus luteum during the second half of pregnancy), suppressing prolactin leads to a drop in progesterone. This mechanism is responsible for its ability to terminate pregnancy, resolve pseudopregnancy, and induce estrus.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnancy (unless abortion is desired)
- Hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives
- Uncontrolled hypertension (in humans)
- Nursing mothers
不良反應
- Vomiting (infrequent, alleviated by food)
- Coat color changes (in dogs treated >14 days)
- Postural hypotension (reported in humans)
- Dizziness (reported in humans)
- Headache (reported in humans)
- Nausea (reported in humans)
注意事項
Warning: Will cause spontaneous abortion in pregnant animals. Do not use unless pregnancy termination is the specific goal.
- Hepatic Impairment: Patients with significantly impaired liver function should receive the drug with caution, and possibly at a lower dosage.
- Estrus Induction: When using to induce estrus, it is recommended to wait at least 4 months after the prior cycle to allow the uterus to recover.
- Nursing: Because cabergoline suppresses prolactin, it should not be used in nursing mothers.
藥物相互作用
Concomitant use may cause additive hypotension due to cabergoline's hypotensive effects.
Use with cabergoline may reduce the efficacy of both drugs and should be avoided.
Use of cabergoline with dopamine (D2) antagonists may reduce the efficacy of both drugs and should be avoided.
Antagonizes the therapeutic effect of cabergoline
May antagonize cabergoline effects due to dopamine receptor blockade
Additive hypotensive effects
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of pseudopregnancy, estrus induction, etc.)
- Adverse effects (vomiting, behavioral changes)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Absorbed after oral dosing but absolute bioavailability is not known. Food does not appear to significantly alter absorption.
分佈
Moderately bound to plasma proteins (≈50%).
代謝
Extensively metabolized in the liver via hydrolysis.
排除
Metabolites and about 4% of unchanged drug are excreted into the urine. Renal dysfunction does not appear to significantly alter elimination characteristics.
過量
Overdose information is not available for dogs or cats, and remains very limited for humans.
- Potential Signs: It is postulated that cabergoline overdoses could cause severe hypotension, nasal congestion, syncope, or hallucinations.
- Treatment: Treatment is basically supportive and primarily focuses on supporting cardiovascular function and blood pressure.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- Oral liquid
- Injection
獸醫用
- Galastop® 50 micrograms/mL oral liquid (miglyol base) (Europe)
- Galastop® Injectable (available in some countries)
人用標示
- Cabergoline Oral Tablets: 0.5 mg (500 micrograms) (generic, Rx)
- Dostinex®
各地核准狀態
Approved for treatment of false pregnancy in bitches.
POM-V classification.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Commercially available tablets should be stored at controlled room temperature (20°-25°C; 68°-77°F). The veterinary oral liquid product Galastop® should be stored below 25°C and protected from light. Do not refrigerate. Once opened, it should be used within 28 days. Cabergoline is unstable in aqueous suspensions; if compounded into a liquid not for immediate use, it should be in a lipid-based product. Fresh aqueous solutions for immediate use are stable.
飼主須知
- 用途： 您的獸醫師開立卡麥角林來治療假懷孕、誘導發情或管理其他生殖相關疾病。
- 給藥方式： 請將此藥物與食物一起餵食，以減少腸胃不適的機會。
- 副作用： 本藥物通常耐受性良好，但可能會出現輕微嘔吐。如果嘔吐嚴重或持續，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
- 警告： 請勿給予懷孕的寵物，除非您的獸醫師特別開立此藥來終止妊娠，因為它會導致流產。請勿給予哺乳中的寵物。
- 注意： 如果您的狗狗服用此藥物超過14天，您可能會注意到其毛色發生暫時性的改變。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。