卡洛芬
Carprofen
2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanoic acid
別名: Rimadyl · Novox · Carprieve · Vetprofen · Quellin · Rovera · Canidryl · Carprodyl · Carprox Vet · Dolagis · Rimifin · Carprofeno · Carprofenum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osteoarthritis and Pain Management | 4.4 mg/kg | PO/SC/IV | q24h or divided q12h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Osteoarthritis and Pain Management: Can be given as a single daily dose or divided into 2.2 mg/kg twice daily.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-operative pain | 4 mg/kg | SC/IV | Single dose | One time only | 🌎 NA |
- Post-operative pain: Use with extreme caution in cats due to limited glucuronidation capacity; single dose only. Not approved for multi-day use in cats in many countries.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia | 2-5 mg/kg | PO/SC | q12-24h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Analgesia: Commonly used in rabbits, guinea pigs, and rodents.
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia | 1-2 mg/kg | PO/SC | q12-24h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia | 1-2 mg/kg | PO/IM/SC | q12-24h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Analgesia: Dosing varies significantly by species.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia | 2-4 mg/kg | PO/IM/SC | q24-72h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Analgesia: Metabolism is highly temperature-dependent.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain and Inflammation | 0.7 mg/kg | IV | q24h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Pain and Inflammation: Used primarily outside the US.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunct therapy for acute mastitis or respiratory disease | 1.4 mg/kg | SC/IV | Single dose | One time | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunct therapy for acute mastitis or respiratory disease: Approved in some regions outside the US.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
卡洛芬 (Carprofen) 是一種丙酸類非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID)，在獸醫學中被廣泛使用。
- 主要用途： 用於犬隻骨關節炎相關的疼痛與發炎管理，以及軟組織與骨科手術後的術後疼痛控制。
- 臨床要點： 雖然療效顯著，但需要謹慎選擇病患，以避免胃腸道、腎臟或肝臟的不良反應。
注意： 卡洛芬通常被認為是 COX-2 偏向性 NSAID，這意味著它針對發炎途徑，同時在很大程度上保留了 COX-1 的保護性恆定功能。
作用機制
Carprofen produces its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
Arachidonic Acid → Cyclooxygenase (COX) → Prostaglandins & Thromboxanes
- COX-1 Sparing: It preferentially inhibits COX-2 (induced during inflammation) over COX-1 (constitutively expressed for GI and renal protection).
- Additional Mechanisms: May also inhibit the release of several prostaglandins and modulate cellular and humoral immune responses.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Bleeding disorders (e.g., Von Willebrand disease)
- Active gastrointestinal ulceration
- Hypersensitivity to carprofen or other NSAIDs
- Concurrent use with other NSAIDs or corticosteroids
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Anorexia
- Lethargy
- Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding
- Hepatopathy (rare, idiosyncratic)
- Renal toxicity
注意事項
Hepatotoxicity: A rare, idiosyncratic (non-dose-dependent) hepatocellular toxicosis has been reported, primarily in dogs (notably Labrador Retrievers, though any breed can be affected).
Renal & GI: Use with caution in dehydrated patients or those with pre-existing renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular disease.
Warning: Do not use concurrently with other NSAIDs or corticosteroids due to a significantly increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and perforation. Ensure a washout period (typically 5-7 days) when switching between NSAIDs.
藥物相互作用
Significantly increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and perforation.
Increased risk of GI, renal, and hepatic toxicity.
Potential for increased risk of renal toxicity and decreased hypotensive efficacy.
Potential for altered metabolism and increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
Decreased diuretic efficacy.
監測
- Baseline blood work (CBC/Chemistry panel)
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin)
- Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine, SDMA, USG)
- Clinical signs of GI upset (vomiting, diarrhea, melena)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Well absorbed orally, bioavailability >90% in dogs.
分佈
Highly protein bound (>99%). Small volume of distribution.
代謝
Hepatic biotransformation (glucuronidation and oxidation).
排除
Primarily excreted in feces (biliary) and urine.
過量
Signs of Toxicity:
- GI: Vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, GI ulceration/perforation.
- Renal: Acute kidney injury (AKI), polyuria, polydipsia.
- Hepatic: Elevated liver enzymes, icterus.
- Neurologic: Seizures or coma in massive overdoses.
Treatment:
- Decontamination: Emesis induction (if recent and asymptomatic), followed by activated charcoal.
- GI Protectants: Omeprazole, misoprostol, sucralfate.
- Fluid Therapy: IV crystalloids to support renal perfusion and promote diuresis.
- Monitoring: Serial monitoring of renal and hepatic values for at least 48-72 hours.
可用產品
劑型
- Chewable tablets
- Injectable solution
獸醫用
- Rimadyl chewable tablets: 25 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg
- Rimadyl caplets: 25 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg
- Rimadyl injectable: 50 mg/mL
- Generic carprofen tablets/caplets (various strengths)
各地核准狀態
POM-V classification in the UK/EU.
POM-V classification.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature 15-30°C (59-86°F). Protect from light and moisture.
飼主須知
寵物主人重要指引：
- 給藥方式： 請務必隨餐給予此藥物，以降低腸胃不適的風險。
- 立即停藥： 如果您的寵物出現嘔吐、腹瀉、黑色/柏油狀糞便、嗜睡或食慾不振，請立即停藥並聯繫您的獸醫師。
- 嚴禁人類藥物： 在服用卡洛芬期間，絕對不要給寵物服用人類的止痛藥（如普拿疼、阿斯匹靈等），這可能會致命。
- 後續追蹤： 請按時進行血液檢查，以確保寵物的肝臟和腎臟能良好代謝藥物。
安全第一： 請存放在寵物和兒童接觸不到的地方。咀嚼錠非常適口，如果狗找到它可能會吃掉整瓶，導致嚴重的藥物過量。
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