卡泊芬淨
Caspofungin
Caspofungin acetate
別名: Cancidas · caspofungina · caspofungine · caspofungini · kaspofungiinia · kaspofungina · L-743873 · MK-0991
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invasive aspergillosis or disseminated candidal infections (Investigational) | 0.8-1.6 mg/kg in patients weighing less than 50 kg and 50-75 mg (total dose) in those weighing more than 50 kg | IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Invasive aspergillosis or disseminated candidal infections (Investigational): Extrapolated from human pediatric studies. Highly investigational in veterinary patients.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invasive aspergillosis or disseminated candidal infections (Investigational) | 0.8-1.6 mg/kg | IV | Not specified | — | 🌎 NA |
- Invasive aspergillosis or disseminated candidal infections (Investigational): Extrapolated from human pediatric studies. Highly investigational in veterinary patients.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
卡泊芬淨 (Caspofungin) 是一種棘白菌素類 (Echinocandins) 的新型靜脈注射抗真菌藥物。它在伴侶動物中具有治療侵入性麴菌症 (invasive aspergillosis) 或散播性念珠菌感染的潛力。
臨床提示：由於其作用機制為專一性破壞真菌細胞壁，這類藥物常被稱為「抗真菌藥中的青黴素」，對哺乳動物的毒性較低。目前在獸醫學中的臨床經驗極為有限，且藥費非常昂貴，通常僅作為其他抗真菌藥物無效時的後線選擇。
作用機制
Caspofungin acts as a beta-glucan synthase inhibitor.
It blocks the synthesis of beta-(1,3)-D-glucan, an essential structural component found in the cell walls of many filamentous fungi and yeast.
Inhibition of beta-glucan synthase → Depletion of beta-(1,3)-D-glucan → Loss of cell wall structural integrity → Osmotic instability and fungal cell death (fungicidal activity).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to caspofungin
- Significant hepatic impairment
不良反應
- Histamine-mediated signs (rash, facial swelling, pruritus)
- Anaphylaxis
- Intravenous site reactions (pain, redness, phlebitis)
- Hepatic dysfunction
注意事項
Hepatic Impairment: Dosage adjustment is recommended in humans with moderate hepatic impairment. Avoid use in patients with significant hepatic impairment.
Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on fetal ossification. Avoid during the first trimester unless the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks.
Lactation: Likely safe to administer during lactation because the drug is not appreciably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
藥物相互作用
Reduced caspofungin plasma levels
Increased caspofungin plasma levels and increased risk of hepatic enzyme increases
Reduced caspofungin plasma levels
Reduced caspofungin plasma levels
Reduced caspofungin plasma levels
監測
- Clinical efficacy
- Periodic liver function tests
- CBC
- Serum electrolytes
藥物動力學
吸收
Not appreciably absorbed from the gut; must be administered IV.
分佈
High protein binding (97%, primarily to albumin). Distributed to tissues over a 36-48 hour period.
代謝
Slowly metabolized via hydrolysis and N-acetylation. Also spontaneously degrades chemically.
排除
Polyphasic elimination. Excreted mostly as metabolites via feces and urine. Only small amounts (1-2%) are excreted unchanged into the urine.
過量
Limited information is available for veterinary patients.
- Humans: Dosages of 210 mg (about 3X normal) were well tolerated.
- Primates: Monkeys receiving 5-8 mg/kg (approx. 4-6X normal) over 5 weeks developed sites of microscopic subcapsular necrosis on their livers.
可用產品
劑型
- Lyophilized powder for injection
人用標示
- Caspofungin Acetate Lyophilized Powder for Injection: 50 mg & 70 mg in single-use vials
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store refrigerated (2-8°C). Do not use if the solution is cloudy or has precipitated. Do not mix or infuse with any other medications and do not use with intravenous solutions containing dextrose.
飼主須知
- 僅限住院使用：此藥物必須透過靜脈輸注給藥，因此僅適合在動物醫院內住院使用。
- 試驗性治療：飼主應了解此藥物在獸醫臨床上仍屬高度試驗性質。
- 高昂費用：使用此藥物治療的費用非常昂貴。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。