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頭孢羥氨苄

Cefadroxil

Cefadroxil monohydrate

抗生素 - 第一代頭孢菌素PO狗貓雪貂

別名: Cefa-Drops · Duricef · BL-S578 · cefadroxilum · cephadroxil · MJF-11567-3

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

22 mg/kg PO twice dailyPO· q12h· Skin/soft tissue: at least 3 days. GU: at least 7 days. Max 30 days.
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections (skin, soft tissue, GU)22 mg/kg PO twice dailyPOq12hSkin/soft tissue: at least 3 days. GU: at least 7 days. Max 30 days.🌎 NA
Susceptible Staph infections30 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
UTI11-22 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h7-30 days🌎 NA
Skin, pyoderma22-35 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h3-30 days🌎 NA
Systemic, orthopedic infections22 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h30 days🌎 NA
Susceptible gram-positive infections10 mg/kg q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible gram-negative infections30 mg/kg q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Canine pyoderma/infectious otitis22 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
UTI10-20 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h7-10 days (acute), up to 4 weeks (chronic), 4-8 weeks (pyelonephritis)🌎 NA
UTI30 mg/kg PO q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Superficial and deep bacterial pyoderma22-33 mg/kg PO 2-3 times dailyPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
  • Susceptible infections (skin, soft tissue, GU): Treat for at least 48 hours after animal is afebrile and asymptomatic. Reevaluate if no response after 3 days.
  • Susceptible Staph infections: May not be adequate dose for non-UTI's caused by E. coli.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
UTI22 mg/kg PO once dailyPOq24h21 days or less🌎 NA
Skin, pyoderma22-35 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h3-30 days🌎 NA
Systemic, orthopedic infections22 mg/kg PO q8-12hPOq8-12h30 days🌎 NA
Susceptible gram-positive infections10 mg/kg q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible gram-negative infections30 mg/kg q8hPOq8h—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections22 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA

雪貂

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections15-20 mg/kg PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

頭孢羥氨苄（Cefadroxil）是一種廣效的​第一代頭孢菌素​抗生素，主要在獸醫學中用於治療犬貓的皮膚、軟組織及泌尿生殖道敏感細菌感染。

在結構上與青黴素相似，頭孢菌素含有β-內醯胺環（beta-lactam ring），賦予其殺菌活性。第一代頭孢菌素如頭孢羥氨苄的特點是對大多數​革蘭氏陽性病原體​（包括假中間葡萄球菌、金黃色葡萄球菌和鏈球菌）具有極佳的抗菌活性，而對革蘭氏陰性菌（如大腸桿菌和奇異變形桿菌）的活性則較為有限且具變異性。

​臨床要點：​ 頭孢羥氨苄的抗菌譜與另一種常見的第一代頭孢菌素——頭孢氨苄（Cephalexin）幾乎完全相同。然而，頭孢羥氨苄在犬貓體內的半衰期略長，這有時允許較低頻率的給藥（例如每天兩次而非每天三次），儘管其價格通常高於一般的頭孢氨苄。

作用機制

Cefadroxil is a time-dependent, bactericidal antibiotic.

It exerts its effect by binding to specific ​Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs)​ located inside the bacterial cell wall.

  • Binding to PBPs → Inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking (the structural backbone of the bacterial cell wall) → Weakening of the cell wall → Activation of bacterial autolysins → Cell lysis and death.

Because it is a time-dependent antibiotic, maintaining serum drug concentrations above the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for the majority of the dosing interval is critical for clinical efficacy.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
  • Septicemia, shock, or grave illness (oral absorption is unreliable; parenteral routes required)

不良反應

  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
  • Antibiotic-associated diarrhea/superinfections
  • Tachypnea (rare)
  • Neurotoxicity (at high doses)
  • Neutropenia/thrombocytopenia (rare, prolonged use)
  • Hepatitis (rare)
  • Nephrotoxicity (rare)

注意事項

​Cross-Reactivity Warning:​ Use cautiously in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity (up to 15% in humans; unknown in veterinary patients).

  • ​Renal Impairment:​ Patients with diminished renal function may require dose adjustments and intensified renal monitoring, as the drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
  • ​Laboratory Interference:​
    • May cause false-positive urine glucose tests when using cupric sulfate solutions (e.g., Clinitest®).
    • May falsely elevate serum/urine creatinine values when using the Jaffe reaction.
    • May cause a false-positive direct Coombs' test.
    • May falsely elevate 17-ketosteroid values in urine.

藥物相互作用

Probenecid

Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
  • Renal function (in patients with pre-existing diminished renal function)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓3 hours馬3.75 hours (foals)狗2 hours

吸收

Well absorbed after oral administration in dogs, regardless of feeding state. Peak serum levels occur within 1-2 hours. Oral absorption in adult horses is poor and erratic; in foals, oral bioavailability averages 58.2%.

分佈

Widely distributed to most tissues. Crosses the placenta and is distributed into milk. Only about 20% is bound to canine plasma proteins.

代謝

Minimal hepatic metabolism.

排除

Excreted primarily unchanged into the urine. Over 50% of a dose is recovered unchanged in canine urine within 24 hours.

過量

Acute oral cephalosporin overdoses are unlikely to cause significant problems other than gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia).

Massive overdoses or prolonged use, particularly in patients with compromised kidney function, may theoretically lead to neurotoxicity, neutropenia, hepatitis, or nephrotoxicity. Treatment is generally supportive and symptomatic.

可用產品

劑型

  • Powder for oral suspension
  • Oral tablets
  • Oral capsules

獸醫用

  • Cefadroxil Powder for Oral Suspension: 50 mg/mL in 15 mL and 50 mL bottles (Cefa-Drops®)

人用標示

  • Cefadroxil Oral Tablets: 1 gram
  • Cefadroxil Oral Capsules: 500 mg
  • Cefadroxil Powder for Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, & 500 mg/5 mL

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store tablets, capsules, and unmixed powder at room temperature (15-30°C) in tight containers. After reconstitution, the oral suspension is stable for 14 days when kept refrigerated (2-8°C).

飼主須知

  • ​與食物一起餵食：​ 頭孢羥氨苄可能會引起胃部不適、嘔吐或腹瀉。將藥物與少量食物或零食一起餵食，可顯著減少這些副作用。
  • ​完成整個療程：​ 即使您的寵物看起來已經完全康復，也請務必按照獸醫師的指示完成整個抗生素療程。提早停藥可能會導致細菌產生抗藥性。
  • ​藥水保存方式：​ 如果您拿到的是懸浮液（藥水），​必須保存在冰箱中​。配製後超過14天的未用完藥水請丟棄。
  • ​過敏反應：​ 如果您發現寵物有過敏反應的跡象，如臉部腫脹、蕁麻疹、嚴重皮疹或呼吸困難，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。

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