頭孢克肟
Cefixime
Cefixime trihydrate
別名: Suprax · cefiximum · CL-284635 · FK-027 · FR17027
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infectious endocarditis | 10 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| UTI | 5 mg/kg PO once to twice daily | PO | q12h or q24h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Respiratory, systemic infections | 12.5 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg PO once to twice a day | PO | q12h or q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Infectious endocarditis: Use when documented resistance against or other contraindications for fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides exist.
- Respiratory, systemic infections: Duration of treatment dependent on chronicity of infection.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-12.5 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
頭孢克肟是一種口服的第三代頭孢菌素抗生素，在獸醫學中主要用於治療具感受性的革蘭氏陰性菌感染。
- 抗菌譜： 對許多腸桿菌科（如大腸桿菌、變形桿菌、克雷伯氏菌）及部分革蘭氏陽性菌（如鏈球菌）高度有效。
- 限制： 通常對綠膿桿菌、腸球菌、葡萄球菌、博德氏菌或厭氧菌無效。
- 臨床應用： 通常保留用於需要口服治療的全身性或泌尿道感染，且當第一線藥物（如氟喹諾酮類或其他頭孢菌素）有禁忌或無效時使用。
臨床要點： 由於細菌對第三代頭孢菌素的敏感性差異很大，強烈建議在開始治療前使用頭孢克肟專用試紙或稀釋法進行細菌培養和藥物敏感性試驗。
作用機制
Cefixime is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
- Binds to specific Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall.
- Inhibition of transpeptidation → prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains.
- Activation of autolysins → leads to bacterial cell wall lysis and death.
It is relatively resistant to hydrolysis by many bacterial beta-lactamases, allowing it to remain effective against certain resistant gram-negative strains.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to cefixime or other cephalosporins
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (urticaria, pruritus, fever)
注意事項
Important Precautions:
- Renal Impairment: Because cefixime is primarily excreted by the kidneys, dosages and/or dosage frequency may need to be adjusted in patients with significantly diminished renal function.
- Cross-Reactivity: Use with caution in patients allergic to penicillins due to the potential for cross-reactivity.
- Neurologic Conditions: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders, as high levels of beta-lactams can lower the seizure threshold.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive urine glucose determinations when using cupric sulfate solution (e.g., Clinitest) and false-positive urinary ketones with nitroprusside tests.
藥物相互作用
Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.
May displace cefixime from plasma protein binding sites; clinical significance is unclear.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects (GI signs, allergic reactions)
- Renal function (in patients with pre-existing renal disease)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Relatively rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Bioavailability in the dog is about 50%. Food may impede the rate, but not the extent, of absorption. The suspension may have a higher bioavailability than tablets.
分佈
Fairly highly bound to plasma proteins in the dog (about 90%). It is unknown if the drug penetrates into the CSF.
代謝
Not extensively metabolized; primarily eliminated unchanged.
排除
Eliminated by both renal and non-renal means. Serum half-lives are prolonged in patients with decreased renal function.
過量
Cephalosporin overdoses are generally unlikely to cause significant problems.
- Expected Signs: Massive overdoses may result in gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea) or hypersensitivity reactions.
- Management: Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic. Emptying the stomach may be considered for massive, recent ingestions.
可用產品
劑型
- Powder for oral suspension
人用標示
- Cefixime Powder for Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL in 50 mL, 75 mL & 100 mL
- Cefixime Powder for Oral Suspension: 200 mg/5 mL in 25 mL, 37.5 mL, 50 mL, 75 mL & 100 mL
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Cefixime powder for suspension should be stored at room temperature in tight containers. After reconstitution of the oral suspension, refrigeration is not required, but it should be discarded after 14 days whether refrigerated or not.
飼主須知
頭孢克肟是一種用於治療寵物特定細菌感染的抗生素。
- 給藥方式： 可與食物一起或空腹給予。如果您的寵物在空腹服藥後嘔吐，請嘗試在未來的劑量中加入少量零食或隨餐給予。
- 完成療程： 請務必按照獸醫師的指示完成整個療程，即使您的寵物看起來已經康復。提早停藥可能會導致抗藥性感染。
- 儲存方式： 懸浮液可保存在室溫下，不需要冷藏。無論是否冷藏，請在14天後丟棄任何未用完的藥水。
- 副作用： 請注意觀察是否有嘔吐、腹瀉或過敏反應的跡象（如蕁麻疹、發癢或面部腫脹）。如果出現這些情況，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
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