結晶游離酸頭孢噻呋
結晶游離酸頭孢噻呋 (CCFA) 是一種長效、獸醫專用的**第三代頭孢菌素**。它配製於棉籽油基質中以提供單次注射後的數天緩釋效果。 - **廣效抗菌活性：** 對主要的革蘭氏陰性及陽性呼吸道病原體具有高度療效。 - **目標物種：** FDA 核准用於牛（牛呼吸道疾病及腐蹄病）、豬（豬呼吸道疾病）和馬（由獸疫鏈球菌引起的下呼吸道感染）。 - **臨床優勢：** 單次給藥（牛/豬）或兩次給藥（馬）即可完成完整療程，提高順從性並減少動物保定壓力。
作用機制: Like other beta-lactam antibiotics, ceftiofur is a **time-dependent, bactericidal** agent. - It binds to **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** → inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking → disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis → activates autolysins → cell lysis and death. - After administration, the parent compound is rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and **desfuroylceftiofur** (the primary active metabolite). - Desfuroylceftiofur is equally potent to the parent drug and exhibits a spectrum of activity similar to cefotaxime. High protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' to maintain active drug levels at the site of infection.
各物種劑量
- BRD treatment (Beef and lactating cattle) · 3 mg per lb (6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents per kg) body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) · SC · Single dose · Single dose · Administer as a single SC injection in the posterior aspect of the ear where it attaches to the head at the base of the ear (BOE).
- BRD treatment (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle) · 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents/kg body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) · SC · Single dose · Single dose · Administer as a single SC injection in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear.
- BRD control (Beef and non-lactating dairy cattle) · 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight (1.5 mL sterile suspension per 100 lb body weight) · SC · Single dose · Single dose · Administer as a SC injection either in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear or at the base of the ear.
- Lower respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus · 6.6 mg/kg IM; repeat in 4 days · IM · repeat in 4 days · 2 doses total · A maximum of 20 mL per injection site may be administered. Shake well before using.
- Swine respiratory disease (SRD) · 2.27 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE) per lb (5 mg CE/kg) body weight · IM · Single dose · Single dose · Administer in the post-auricular region of the neck. No more than 2 mL should be injected in a single injection site. Pigs heavier than 88 lb (40 kg) will require more than one injection.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactams (penicillins, carbapenems)
- Do not use in pre-ruminating calves to be processed for veal
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis)
- Granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Diarrhea, soft or loose stools (especially in horses)
- Injection site reactions: swelling, thickening, aseptic cellular infiltrate, discoloration
- Sudden death in cattle if injected into ear arteries
藥物相互作用
- Aminoglycosides / Nephrotoxic drugs · Potential additive nephrotoxicity. Do not mix in the same syringe or IV line.
- Probenecid · Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory signs within 3-5 days)
- Injection site reactions (swelling, inflammation)
- Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhea, especially in horses)
- CBC (if used off-label in small animals)
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal compromise
過量
Cephalosporin overdoses are unlikely to cause significant systemic toxicity other than **gastrointestinal distress** and potential injection site reactions. > **Regulatory Warning:** Use of dosages in excess of labeled recommendations (e.g., >6.6 mg/kg in cattle or >5 mg/kg in swine) or administration by unapproved routes (e.g., SC in the neck or IM in cattle) will likely cause **violative tissue residues**. Contact FARAD for assistance in determining appropriate extended withdrawal times if an overdose occurs.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。