頭孢匹林
**頭孢匹林 (Cephapirin)** 是一種**第一代頭孢菌素**抗生素，在獸醫學中主要用於治療牛的乳腺炎和子宮內膜炎。 * **抗菌譜**：對引起乳腺炎的許多革蘭氏陽性菌（如葡萄球菌和鏈球菌）以及部分革蘭氏陰性菌有效。 * **臨床應用**：透過**乳房內**或**子宮內**途徑局部給藥。全身性注射劑型在獸醫臨床上已較少使用。 * **關鍵注意事項**：對於經濟動物，必須嚴格遵守停乳和停藥期，以防止非法藥物殘留。
作用機制: Cephapirin is a **time-dependent, bactericidal** beta-lactam antibiotic. * Binds to specific **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** (such as **transpeptidases**, **carboxypeptidases**, and **endopeptidases**) located inside the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. * Inhibition of these enzymes → blocks the final stages of mucopeptide (peptidoglycan) synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. * Defective cell wall formation → creates an osmotically unstable spheroplast → **cell lysis** and death. * *Note*: Like other beta-lactams, it is most effective against actively growing and dividing bacteria.
各物種劑量
- Mastitis (Lactating cow) · After milking out udder, clean and dry teat area. Swab teat tip with alcohol wipe and allow to dry. Insert tip of syringe into teat canal; push plunger to instill entire contents. Massage quarter and do not milk out for 12 hours. · Intramammary · q12h · May repeat dose · Milk withdrawal = 96 hours; Slaughter withdrawal = 4 days.
- Mastitis (Dry Cow) · Same basic directions as above, but should be done at the time of drying off and not later than 30 days prior to calving. · Intramammary · Once at drying off · Single treatment · Milk withdrawal = 72 hours after calving; Slaughter withdrawal = 42 days.
- Subacute and chronic endometritis (at least 14 days after parturition) · Contents of syringe (500 mg) instilled through the cervix into the lumen of the uterus; depending on response may re-treat in 7-14 days if signs persist. · Intrauterine · Once, may repeat in 7-14 days · 1-2 treatments · May be used one day after insemination. If pyometra, pretreatment with a prostaglandin recommended.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy)
- Anaphylaxis (rare but possible)
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of mastitis or endometritis)
- Renal function (in patients with diminished renal capacity, though primarily a concern for systemic use)
過量
No significant clinical adverse effects are expected with acute overdosage. However, if used at doses or rates higher than labeled, **withdrawal times for milk and meat may be significantly prolonged**.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。