氯苯那敏
Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine maleate
別名: Chlor-Trimetron · Chlo-Amine · Aller-Chlor · Allergy Relief · Chlor-Trimeton Allergy · Efidac 24 · QDALL AR · ED-CHLOR-TAN · Pediox-S · Piriton · chlorphenamini maleas · chlorpheniramine maleate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of chemotherapy of mast cell tumors | 4-8 mg (maximum of 0.5 mg/kg) PO q8-12h PO | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| General antihistamine use | 4-12 mg (total dose) two to three times daily | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| General antihistamine use | 2-8 mg (total dose) per dog PO every 12 hours, not to exceed 0.5 mg/kg every 12 hours | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Trial for pruritus in atopic dogs | 0.4-0.8 mg/kg two to three times daily | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pruritus | 0.2-0.8 mg/kg PO 2-3 times a day | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Mild sedative | 0.22 mg/kg PO q8h; 4-20 mg (total dose per day) divided q8-12h | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General antihistamine use | 2 mg (total dose) per cat PO every 12 hours | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| General antihistamine use | 2-4 mg per cat q12-24h PO | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| General antihistamine use | 2 mg per cat two to three times daily | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pruritus | 2-4 mg/cat twice daily; rarely may be maintained on once daily dosing. | PO | BID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pruritus | 0.5-2 mg (total dose; ¼ - ½ of a 4 mg tablet) PO 2-3 times per day | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
| Mild sedative | 1-2 mg per cat q12-24h (low dose), 2-4 mg per cat PO q12-24h (high dose) | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- General antihistamine use: Most common dosage in cats
- Pruritus: Palatability may be enhanced by dipping the split tablet into tuna fish 'juice', butter or petrolatum; placing split tablets into empty gelatin capsules or sprinkling or mixing timed release beads (partial contents of an 8 mg capsule) with food.
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General antihistamine use | 1-2 mg/kg PO 2-3 times a day | PO | BID-TID | — | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General use / Feather damaging behavior | One 4 mg tablet in one cup (240 mL; 8 oz.) of bottled water to be used as drinking water; changed daily. | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
氯苯那敏是一種第一代烷基胺類抗組織胺藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於其抗組織胺及止癢效果。
臨床要點：
- 第一代抗組織胺： 由於能穿透血腦屏障，常會引起中樞神經抑制（嗜睡），有時也利用此特性作為溫和的鎮靜劑。
- 貓咪搔癢症： 是貓咪治療過敏性皮膚病和搔癢最常用的抗組織胺之一。
- 肥大細胞瘤： 常作為肥大細胞瘤化療方案的輔助治療，以阻斷全身性組織胺釋放的影響。
- 異常興奮： 雖然在狗身上通常會引起嗜睡，但貓咪服用後可能會出現異常興奮的反應。
作用機制
Chlorpheniramine acts as a competitive H1-receptor antagonist.
- Histamine Blockade: It competitively inhibits histamine from binding to H1 receptors on effector cells (such as smooth muscle and endothelial cells) → prevents histamine-induced vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle spasms.
- Note: It does not inactivate histamine or prevent its release from mast cells; it only blocks its action at the receptor site.
- Additional Properties: Like many first-generation antihistamines, it possesses varying degrees of anticholinergic (muscarinic blockade) and CNS depressant activity.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine or other alkylamine antihistamines
不良反應
- CNS depression (lethargy, somnolence, sedation)
- GI effects (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia)
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)
- Paradoxical excitement (especially in cats)
- Decreased performance in working dogs due to sedation
注意事項
Warnings and Precautions
- Anticholinergic Effects: Use with caution in patients with angle closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, pyloroduodenal or bladder neck obstruction, and COPD (if mucosal secretions are a problem).
- Systemic Disease: Use cautiously in patients with hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, or hypertension.
- Working Dogs: Sedative effects may adversely affect the performance of working dogs.
- Laboratory Testing: Antihistamines can decrease the wheal and flare response to antigen skin testing. It is generally recommended to discontinue antihistamines at least 4 days prior to intradermal allergy testing.
- Nursing/Pregnancy: FDA Category B in humans. It is unknown if it is excreted in milk; use with caution in nursing dams.
藥物相互作用
Antihistamines may partially counteract the anticoagulation effects of heparin or warfarin.
May prolong and exacerbate the anticholinergic effects of the antihistamine.
Increased sedation and CNS depression can occur when used concurrently.
Additive CNS depression and sedation
Additive anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention)
監測
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in pruritus, allergic signs, or adequate sedation)
- Adverse effects (excessive sedation, GI upset, anticholinergic signs)
藥物動力學
吸收
In humans, well absorbed after oral administration, but undergoes a relatively high degree of first-pass metabolism in the GI mucosa and liver, resulting in only 25-60% systemic bioavailability. Pharmacokinetics have not been described in domestic species.
分佈
Well distributed after IV injection; highest distribution occurs in the lungs, heart, kidneys, brain, small intestine, and spleen. In humans, the apparent steady-state volume of distribution is 2.5-3.2 L/kg and about 70% is bound to plasma proteins.
代謝
Metabolized in the liver.
排除
Practically all the drug (as metabolites and unchanged drug) is excreted in the urine.
過量
Overdose Signs
Overdosage may cause CNS stimulation (ranging from excitement to seizures) or CNS depression (lethargy to coma), anticholinergic effects, respiratory depression, and death.
Case report: A 9-month-old dachshund ingesting 25 mg/kg showed signs of ataxia, tremors, bradycardia, coma, and cardiac arrest, dying within 11 hours of ingestion.
Treatment
- Decontamination: Empty the gut using standard protocols if ingestion was oral. Induce emesis if the patient is alert and CNS status is stable. Follow with a saline cathartic and/or activated charcoal.
- Supportive Care: Treat other clinical signs symptomatically.
- Seizure Control: Phenytoin (IV) is recommended in the treatment of seizures caused by antihistamine overdoses in humans; barbiturates and diazepam should be avoided.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- Chewable tablets
- Extended-release tablets
- Extended-release capsules
- Oral syrup
- Oral suspension
人用標示
- Chlorpheniramine Maleate Oral Tablets: 2 mg (chewable), 4 mg
- Chlorpheniramine Maleate Extended-release Tablets & Capsules: 8 mg, 12 mg & 16 mg
- Chlorpheniramine Caplets: 8 mg (as tannate)
- Chlorpheniramine Maleate Oral Syrup: 2 mg/5 mL
- Chlorpheniramine Maleate Oral Suspension: 4 mg/5 mL
各地核准狀態
Human formulations used under the cascade.
Classified as POM (Prescription Only Medicine) for injectables and GSL (General Sales List) for certain oral forms.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store tablets and sustained-release tablets in tight containers. Sustained-release capsules should be stored in well-closed containers. Oral solution should be stored in light-resistant containers; avoid freezing. All chlorpheniramine products should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C).
飼主須知
寵物主人指引
- 預期效果： 本藥物通常用於治療過敏和搔癢。它可能會讓您的寵物感到昏昏欲睡。
- 貓咪注意事項： 雖然狗通常會變得嗜睡，但貓咪有時會出現相反的反應，變得過度活躍或興奮。
- 給藥方式： 如果您使用的是長效緩釋型產品，請勿將藥丸壓碎或讓寵物咀嚼。長效膠囊的內容物可以撒在食物上，但必須在溶解前立即讓寵物吃掉。
- 人類藥物： 氯苯那敏是 FDA 批准的人類藥物，常見於非處方藥中。請務必只使用獸醫師推薦的特定產品和劑量，因為許多人類感冒/過敏藥物含有其他成分（如去鼻塞劑或止痛藥），這些對寵物具有高度毒性。
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