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氯四環黴素

Chlortetracycline

四環黴素類抗生素POIVIMSCTopical (ophthalmic)狗貓小型哺乳類鳥牛豬

別名: Aureomycin · Pennchlor · CTC · CLTC 100 MR · Ophtocycline · clortetraciclina · A-377 · NRRL2209 · SF-66 · Chlortetracycline hydrochloride

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

WHO 高度重要抗生素 — 建議負責任地使用
25 mg/kg PO q6-8hPO· q6-8h
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections25 mg/kg PO q6-8hPOq6-8h—🌎 NA
Bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, and spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs)0.5-2 cm of ointment to affected eyetopicalq6h5 days🌍 EU
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, and spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs): Used for immunomodulatory mechanism in SCCEDs.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections25 mg/kg PO q6-8hPOq6-8h—🌎 NA
To prevent recurrence of mycoplasma or chlamydial conjunctivitis in large catteries50 mg per day per catPOq24h1 month🌎 NA
Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis, mycoplasmal conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis/blepharitis0.5-2 cm of ointment to affected eyetopicalq6h5 days🌍 EU
  • To prevent recurrence of mycoplasma or chlamydial conjunctivitis in large catteries: Administer soluble chlortetracycline powder in food.
  • Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis, mycoplasmal conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis/blepharitis: Oral doxycycline is the treatment of choice for feline chlamydial conjunctivitis.

小型哺乳類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections (Rabbits)50 mg/kg PO q12-24hPOq12-24h—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (Chinchillas)50 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (Hamsters)20 mg/kg IM or SC q12hIM/SCq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (Mice)25 mg/kg SC or IM q12hSC/IMq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (Rats)6-10 mg/kg SC or IM q12hSC/IMq12h—🌎 NA

鳥

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Chlamydiosis (Small birds)0.05% concentration in foodPOContinuous—🌎 NA
Chlamydiosis (Larger psittacines)1% CTC concentration in foodPOContinuous—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (Ratites)15-20 mg/kg PO three times dailyPOTID—🌎 NA
Susceptible infections (Pigeons)50 mg/kg PO q6-8h; or 1000-1500 mg/gallon drinking waterPOq6-8h or continuous—🌎 NA
  • Susceptible infections (Pigeons): In warm weather mix fresh every 12 hours. Calcium inhibits absorption; withhold grit and layer pellets during treatment.

牛

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections6-10 mg/kg IV or IM; 10-20 mg/kg POIV/IM/POq24h—🌎 NA
  • Susceptible infections: Generally administered once daily.

豬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible infections6-10 mg/kg IV or IM; 10-20 mg/kg POIV/IM/POq24h—🌎 NA
  • Susceptible infections: Generally administered once daily.

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

氯四環黴素（Chlortetracycline）是一種廣效的第一代​四環黴素類抗生素​。雖然其抗菌譜與土黴素（oxytetracycline）和四環黴素（tetracycline）幾乎相同，但在獸醫學中，它主要作為經濟動物（牛、豬、家禽）的飼料或飲水添加劑使用。

主要臨床特徵包括：

  • ​廣效抗菌：​ 對許多黴漿菌（Mycoplasma）、螺旋體（包括萊姆病病原）、披衣菌（Chlamydia）和立克次體（Rickettsia）有效。
  • ​抗藥性增加：​ 許多革蘭氏陽性和陰性細菌（如大腸桿菌、克雷伯氏菌、綠膿桿菌）已產生抗藥性。
  • ​特寵應用：​ 常用於鳥類醫學（特別是治療披衣菌感染）及某些小型哺乳動物，但​嚴禁​用於天竺鼠，因為會引起致命的腸毒血症。

作用機制

Chlortetracycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.

  • ​Primary Mechanism:​ Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible organisms → blocks the binding of aminoacyl transfer-RNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex → halts peptide chain elongation.
  • ​Secondary Mechanism:​ May also reversibly bind to 50S ribosomes and alter cytoplasmic membrane permeability.
  • ​Mammalian effects:​ At very high concentrations, it can inhibit protein synthesis in mammalian cells, leading to antianabolic effects.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to chlortetracycline or other tetracyclines
  • Guinea pigs (causes fatal clostridial enterotoxemia)

不良反應

  • Gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
  • Discoloration of developing teeth and bones (yellow, brown, or gray)
  • Delayed bone growth and healing (at high doses)
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Increased BUN (antianabolic effect)
  • Ruminal microflora depression and stasis (in ruminants)
  • Intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (with rapid IV injection of propylene glycol-based products)
  • Colic, fever, and hair loss (in cats)
  • Severe diarrhea (in stressed horses)
  • Superinfections (bacterial or fungal overgrowth)
  • Photosensitivity

注意事項

​Pregnancy Warning:​ Tetracyclines can retard fetal skeletal development and discolor deciduous teeth. Use only in the last half of pregnancy if benefits outweigh risks.

​Organ Impairment:​ Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency. Lower dosages and enhanced monitoring are recommended. Avoid concurrent use of other nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic drugs.

​Laboratory Interactions:​

  • May cause falsely elevated urine catecholamines (fluorometric methods).
  • May cause false-positive urine glucose (cupric sulfate method/Benedict's reagent) or false-negative urine glucose (glucose oxidase method).

​IV Administration:​ Rapid IV injection can induce transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias due to intravascular calcium chelation. Pre-treatment with IV calcium gluconate may be considered if rapid injection is unavoidable.

藥物相互作用

Beta-lactam Antibiotics

Bacteriostatic action of tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal activity of penicillins and cephalosporins.

Aminoglycosides

May interfere with bactericidal activity.

Digoxin

May increase the bioavailability of digoxin in a small percentage of patients, potentially leading to toxicity.

Divalent or Trivalent Cations (Antacids, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Bismuth)

Chelation occurs, significantly decreasing the oral absorption of the tetracycline. Separate administration by at least 1-2 hours.

Warfarin

May depress plasma prothrombin activity; anticoagulant dosage may need adjustment.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
  • Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
  • Renal function (BUN, creatinine) and hepatic function, especially with prolonged use or in compromised patients
  • Fluid and electrolyte status if severe GI distress occurs

過量

Tetracyclines are generally well tolerated after acute overdoses.

  • ​Oral Overdose:​ Most likely associated with gastrointestinal disturbances (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea). If severe emesis or diarrhea develops, monitor and replace fluids and electrolytes.
  • ​Chronic Overdose:​ May lead to drug accumulation and nephrotoxicity.
  • ​Ruminants:​ High oral doses can cause ruminal microflora depression and ruminoreticular stasis.
  • ​Intravenous Overdose:​ Rapid IV injection of undiluted propylene glycol-based products can cause intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria. Rapid IV injection can also induce transient collapse and cardiac arrhythmias due to chelation with intravascular calcium ions.

可用產品

劑型

  • Feed additive
  • Water mix preparation
  • Soluble powder

獸醫用

  • CTC®
  • CLTC® 100 MR
  • Aureomycin Sulmet® (with sulfamethazine)
  • Aureo S 700® (with sulfamethazine)
  • Aureomix 500® (with sulfamethazine and penicillin)
  • Pennclor SP 250 & 500® (with sulfamethazine and penicillin)
  • Aureozol 500® (with sulfathiazole and penicillin)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Authorized for treatment of keratitis, conjunctivitis and blepharitis caused by susceptible bacteria.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store in tight containers and protect from light.

飼主須知

  • ​給藥方式：​ 若為口服給藥，請勿與乳製品、制酸劑或鐵劑同時餵食，因為這些物質會與藥物結合並使其失效。請至少間隔 1-2 小時。
  • ​副作用：​ 可能引起腸胃不適、嘔吐或腹瀉。如果這些症狀變得嚴重，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
  • ​幼年動物：​ 若給予發育中的幼畜或懷孕母畜，此藥物可能會導致牙齒永久性變黃或變褐。
  • ​陽光照射：​ 可能會使寵物的皮膚對陽光更敏感（光敏性）。治療期間請避免長時間曝曬於陽光下。
  • ​鳥類：​ 若透過飲水治療鳥類，在溫暖的天氣下請每 12 小時更換一次新鮮飲水。治療期間請移除砂礫和產蛋飼料，因為其中的鈣會阻礙藥物吸收。

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