氯前列醇鈉
Cloprostenol Sodium
Cloprostenol sodium
別名: Estrumate · estroPLAN · ICI-80996
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
1-5 micrograms/kg (0.001-0.005 mg/kg)Not specified· once per day· Up to 2-3 weeks
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劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of open cervix pyometra | 1-5 micrograms/kg (0.001-0.005 mg/kg) | Not specified | once per day | Up to 2-3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of open cervix pyometra | 1 microgram/kg | SC | every 5 days | for 15 days (if not cured earlier) | 🌎 NA |
| Pregnancy termination | 1-2.5 micrograms/kg | SC | once daily | for 4-7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pregnancy termination | 1-2.5 micrograms/kg | SC | every 48 hours | for three doses | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunctive treatment of open cervix pyometra: When starting treatment, start with one-half the normal dosage and gradually achieve the full dose within 2-3 days.
- Adjunctive treatment of open cervix pyometra: Give not during feeding. Use with aglepristone at 10 mg/kg SC every 5 days until cured. Give Clavamox (12.5 mg/kg PO twice daily) and supportive hydration throughout protocol.
- Pregnancy termination: Successful in terminating pregnancy in dogs after 30 days gestation.
- Pregnancy termination: At higher dose (2.5 mg/kg); appears very effective starting at 30 days of pregnancy. Anticholinergic drug administration (e.g., atropine) 15 minutes prior to dosing appears to lessen adverse effects.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To cause abortion prior to the twelfth day of gestation | 100 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For luteolysis and to stimulate uterine contractions | 250 micrograms (total dose) | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For luteolysis | 25-250 micrograms (0.1-1 mL) | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an ecbolic | 250 micrograms (1 mL) | IM | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- To cause abortion prior to the twelfth day of gestation: Most effective day 7 or 8 post estrus. Mare will usually return to estrus within 5 days.
- For luteolysis and to stimulate uterine contractions: Research has shown that 1/10th of a dose can still cause luteolysis and if given on once or on two consecutive days can avoid side effects.
- For luteolysis: Should not be used more than one day after ovulation because it can damage the corpus luteum and reduce progesterone.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For treatment of pyometra | 500 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For pyometra or chronic endometritis, mummified fetus, luteal cysts | 500 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For unobserved or undetected estrus in cows with continued ovarian cyclicity and a mature corpus luteum | 500 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For abortion, from one week after mating to approximately the 150th day of gestation | 500 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For controlled breeding (Single injection method) | 500 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For controlled breeding (Double injection method) | 500 micrograms | IM | Repeat dose 11 days later | — | 🌎 NA |
- For treatment of pyometra: Up to 97% efficacy.
- For pyometra or chronic endometritis, mummified fetus, luteal cysts: Manual assistance may be required to remove mummified fetus from vagina.
- For unobserved or undetected estrus in cows with continued ovarian cyclicity and a mature corpus luteum: Estrus should commence in 2-5 days at which time the animal may be inseminated. If estrus detection is not possible, inseminate twice at 72 and 96 hours post injection.
- For abortion, from one week after mating to approximately the 150th day of gestation: Abortion generally takes place in 4-5 days after injection.
- For controlled breeding (Single injection method): Use only animals with mature corpus luteum. Inseminate at usual time after detecting estrus, or once at 72 hours, or twice at 72 and 96 hours post injection.
- For controlled breeding (Double injection method): Estrus should occur in 2-5 days after second injection.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To induce parturition in sows | 175 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- To induce parturition in sows: Give 2 days or less before anticipated date of farrowing. Farrowing generally occurs in approximately 36 hours after injection.
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To induce parturition in does | 62.5-125 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| To treat pseudopregnancy (hydrometra/mucometra) | 125 micrograms | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- To induce parturition in does: Give at 144 days of gestation in early morning. Deliveries will peak at 30-35 hours after injection. Maintain goat in usual surroundings and minimize outside disturbances.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
氯前列醇鈉是一種合成的前列腺素F2α (PGF2α) 類似物，在獸醫學中主要因其強效的黃體溶解特性而被廣泛使用。其結構與天然的地諾前列素 (dinoprost) 相似，但效力更強且作用時間更長。
- 大型動物： 在牛、馬和豬的繁殖管理中是常規用藥，用於發情同期化、誘導分娩，以及治療黃體囊腫、木乃伊化胎兒或慢性子宮內膜炎等生殖道病理。
- 小型動物： 在犬類中，常以仿單標示外方式 (off-label) 用於終止妊娠及開放性子宮蓄膿的內科治療。
臨床要點： 由於它是合成類似物，在馬匹身上引起的全身性副作用通常少於天然 PGF2α (地諾前列素)，但犬隻仍可能出現明顯的類膽鹼性不良反應（可透過預先給予阿托品等抗膽鹼藥物來緩解）。
作用機制
Cloprostenol acts as a potent agonist at prostaglandin F (FP) receptors.
- Luteolysis: Binds to FP receptors on the corpus luteum (CL) → induces rapid functional and structural regression (luteolysis) → sharp decline in progesterone production. This drop in progesterone removes the negative feedback on the hypothalamus/pituitary, allowing a return to estrus, or induces abortion/parturition depending on the stage of gestation.
- Myometrial Contraction: Directly stimulates FP receptors on uterine smooth muscle → increases intracellular calcium → powerful, rhythmic uterine contractions (ecbolic effect).
- Cervical Relaxation: Concurrently promotes relaxation and dilation of the cervix, facilitating the expulsion of uterine contents (e.g., fetus, purulent material in pyometra).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnancy (when abortion or induced parturition are not desired)
- Intravenous (IV) administration
不良反應
- Increased salivation (dogs)
- Tachycardia (dogs)
- Increased urination and defecation (dogs)
- Gagging and vomiting (dogs)
- Ataxia and mild depression (dogs)
- Sweating (horses)
- Cramping and loose stools (horses)
- Increased risk of dystocia if used after 5th month of gestation (cattle)
注意事項
Women of child-bearing age, pregnant women, and persons with asthma or other respiratory diseases should use extreme caution when handling cloprostenol, as the drug may induce abortion or acute bronchoconstriction. Cloprostenol is readily absorbed through the skin and must be washed off immediately with soap and water. Do not administer IV.
藥物相互作用
Oxytocic agents
Activity may be enhanced by cloprostenol
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., clearance of pyometra)
- Estrus behavior and timing
- Confirmation of pregnancy termination/abortion
- Adverse cholinergic effects in dogs (salivation, vomiting, heart rate)
藥物動力學
吸收
Readily absorbed through the skin.
過量
In cattle, doses of 50 and 100 times those recommended may cause signs of uneasiness, slight frothing, and milk let-down.
In small animals, overdoses of cloprostenol or other synthetic prostaglandin F2α analogs reportedly can result in severe shock and death.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (250 micrograms/mL)
獸醫用
- Cloprostenol Sodium Injection equivalent to 250 micrograms/mL cloprostenol in 20 mL vials (Estrumate, estroPLAN)
人用標示
- None
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature (15-30°C); protect from light.
飼主須知
重要的人類安全警告： 氯前列醇極易透過皮膚吸收，並可能對人類造成嚴重的不良反應。
- 孕婦、育齡婦女、氣喘患者及患有支氣管疾病的人員必須極度小心或完全避免接觸本產品。意外接觸可能誘發流產或急性支氣管痙攣（氣喘發作）。
- 若皮膚不慎接觸，請立即使用肥皂和清水沖洗。
- 本藥物應僅由完全熟悉其使用方法與安全注意事項的專業人員操作與給藥。
- 在犬隻給藥後不久，您可能會觀察到流口水、嘔吐、排尿/排便增加或喘氣等副作用。您的獸醫師可能會開立額外的藥物來幫助減少這些反應。
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