氨苯碸
Dapsone
4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone
別名: Avlosulfone · Dapsoderm-X · Dopsan · Novasulfone · Servidapsone · Sulfona · DADPS · dapsonum · DDS · diaminodiphenylsulfone · NSC-6091 · diaphenylsulfone · disulone · sulfonyldianiline
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative treatment for pemphigus | 1 mg/kg PO q8h; with sulfasalazine at 10-40 mg/kg q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Post-vaccination alopecia/vasculitis resistant to prednisone therapy | 1 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treating mycobacteriosis | 1.1 mg/kg PO q6h until remission, then 0.3 mg/kg q8-12h after recovery | PO | q6h initially, then q8-12h | Until remission, then maintenance | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy of vasculitis | 1 mg/kg PO q8h | PO | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive treatment of Brown Recluse spider (Loxosceles spp.) bite | 1 mg/kg PO three times daily for 10 days | PO | TID | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative to clofazimine for treating feline leprosy | 1 mg/kg once daily PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treating mycobacteriosis | 8 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeks | PO | q24h | 6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Aural chondritis | 1 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Alternative to clofazimine for treating feline leprosy: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
- Treating mycobacteriosis: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
- Aural chondritis: Caution: High risk of serious side effects. Intensive monitoring required.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | 3 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) | PO | q24h | 56 days | 🌎 NA |
- Alternative treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: From one case report of treatment of a foal.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
氨苯碸 (Dapsone) 是一種碸類抗菌及抗發炎藥物。在獸醫學中，主要作為治療特定免疫介導性皮膚病（如天皰瘡、皮膚血管炎）及某些非典型感染（如分枝桿菌、肺囊蟲）的二線或輔助療法。
臨床要點：由於具有引發肝毒性及血液惡病質等嚴重副作用的高風險，本藥極少作為首選藥物。貓對變性血紅素血症及溶血性貧血極度敏感，因此在貓屬於相對禁忌症。
作用機制
Antimicrobial action: Acts as a competitive antagonist of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It inhibits the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) → blocks the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid → disrupts nucleic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms (similar to sulfonamides).
Anti-inflammatory action: Dapsone exerts potent immunomodulatory effects. It inhibits the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system → suppresses the neutrophil respiratory burst. It also decreases neutrophil chemotaxis, complement activation, antibody production, and lysosomal enzyme synthesis, making it useful for sterile, neutrophil-driven inflammatory conditions like vasculitis or Brown Recluse spider bites.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Cats (relatively contraindicated due to high risk of neurotoxicity and hemolytic anemia)
- Hypersensitivity to dapsone or other sulfone drugs
- Patients with severe anemias or preexisting blood dyscrasias
- Preexisting hepatic dysfunction (use with extreme caution)
不良反應
- Hepatotoxicity
- Dose-dependent methemoglobinemia
- Hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neutropenias
- Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting)
- Neuropathies
- Cutaneous drug eruptions
- Photosensitivity
- Potential carcinogen
注意事項
- Feline Sensitivity: Cats are highly susceptible to dapsone-induced blood dyscrasias and hepatotoxicity. Use is generally not recommended.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus. Use with caution in pregnant animals.
- Nursing: Excreted into milk in concentrations equivalent to plasma; hemolytic reactions have been seen in human neonates. Consider switching to milk replacer if required in a nursing dam.
- Hepatic Disease: Use with caution in animals with preexisting hepatic dysfunction due to hepatotoxic potential.
藥物相互作用
May decrease the renal excretion of active metabolites of dapsone.
May increase risk of hematologic reactions occurring with dapsone.
May decrease plasma dapsone concentrations (7-10 fold).
May increase plasma dapsone concentrations (and vice versa) and potentially increase each other's toxicity.
監測
- CBC with platelets every 2-3 weeks during first 4 months of treatment, then every 3-4 months
- Liver function tests
- Clinical signs of adverse effects (GI upset, drug eruptions, neurotoxicity, jaundice, cyanosis)
- Clinical efficacy
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration to dogs.
分佈
In dogs, the monoacetyl metabolite is only about 60% bound to plasma proteins (compared to almost completely bound in humans).
代謝
Hepatic metabolism, primarily via acetylation.
排除
Primarily eliminated via the kidneys as conjugates and unidentified metabolites.
過量
Because of its toxicity potential, specific species differences in sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics, it is recommended to contact an animal poison control center in cases of dapsone overdoses.
- Clinical Signs: In humans, overdoses generally cause nausea, vomiting, and hyperexcitability within minutes. Methemoglobinemia with associated depression, seizures, and cyanosis can occur. Hemolysis may be delayed, occurring 7-14 days after the overdose.
- Treatment: Includes removal of drug from the gut (decontamination), methylene blue for methemoglobinemia, and sometimes hemodialysis to enhance removal of the drug and its monoacetyl metabolite.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral Tablets
- Compounded oral suspension
人用標示
- Dapsone Oral Tablets: 25 mg & 100 mg (scored)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store tablets protected from light at controlled room temperature (20-25°C, 68-77°F). Tablets may be compounded into a stable liquid dosage form (2 mg/mL) using a 1:1 ratio of Ora-Plus:Ora-Sweet; this preparation is stable for 90 days stored refrigerated or at room temperature.
飼主須知
- 嚴格監控：本藥物需要獸醫密切監督。必須頻繁進行血液檢查以監測寵物的肝臟和紅血球狀況。
- 注意毒性徵兆：如果您發現寵物出現牙齦蒼白或發紺、眼白或皮膚發黃（黃疸）、極度嗜睡、呼吸急促、嘔吐或異常虛弱，請立即聯繫獸醫。
- 防曬保護：氨苯碸可能引起光敏感。請保護寵物暴露的皮膚，避免長時間日曬。
- 貓咪用藥警告：若處方給貓咪使用，請務必了解其發生嚴重副作用的風險極高。
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