地可喹酯
Decoquinate
4-hydroxy quinolone
別名: Deccox-M · Doccox-L · Advance Calvita Supreme Medicated · HC-1528 · M&B-15497
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis prophylaxis | 50 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Canine hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon americanum) relapse prevention | 20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | long-term (Recommend treating for 2 years) | 🌎 NA |
| Canine hepatozoonosis relapse prevention (alternative) | 10-20 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | for 24 months | 🌎 NA |
- Canine hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon americanum) relapse prevention: Given after 14 days of TCP therapy (TMP/Sulfa, Clindamycin, Pyrimethamine). Perform muscle biopsy after 2 years; if negative, may discontinue.
- Canine hepatozoonosis relapse prevention (alternative): Given after 14 days of TCP therapy.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prophylaxis of coccidiosis | 0.5 mg/kg per day in feed | PO | q24h | for at least 28 days | 🌎 NA |
- Prophylaxis of coccidiosis: Using the 6% premix
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prophylaxis of coccidiosis | 0.5 mg/kg per day in feed | PO | q24h | during periods of exposure | 🌎 NA |
| Prophylaxis of coccidiosis | 0.5-1 mg/kg of body weight PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
地可喹酯(Decoquinate)是一種4-羥基喹諾酮類抗原蟲藥,主要在畜禽中作為抗球蟲藥使用。雖然它能透過在子孢子階段阻斷寄生蟲的生命週期來有效預防球蟲病,但它對成蟲無效,無法治療活躍的臨床感染。
在小動物臨床上,最著名的標示外用途是用於狗,在初步急性治療後長期預防美洲肝簇蟲(Hepatozoon americanum)的復發。由於它是一種抑菌劑(抑制球蟲而非殺滅球蟲),因此需要依賴宿主的免疫系統來清除被抑制的寄生蟲。
作用機制
Decoquinate acts specifically on the sporozoite stage of the coccidian life cycle.
- Sporozoites can still penetrate host intestinal cells, but further intracellular development is halted.
- Mechanism: It disrupts electron transport within the mitochondrial cytochrome system of the parasite → inhibits respiration and ATP energy production → prevents maturation and replication.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Lactating dairy animals producing milk for food
- Laying chickens
- Treatment of active/clinical coccidiosis
注意事項
Decoquinate is not effective for treating clinical coccidiosis and has no efficacy against adult coccidia. It is not FDA-approved for use in animals producing milk for food or in laying chickens.
監測
- Clinical signs of coccidiosis or hepatozoonosis relapse
- Muscle biopsy (after 2 years of hepatozoonosis treatment in dogs to confirm clearance)
過量
Decoquinate is considered to have a wide safety margin. No specific acute toxicity information was located.
可用產品
劑型
- Feed additive (6%, 0.5%, 0.8%)
- Medicated calf milk replacer
獸醫用
- Decoquinate 6% (27.2 gram/lb) Feed Additive
- Decoquinate 0.5% (2.271 grams/lb) Feed Additive
- Decoquinate 0.8% (3.632 grams/lb) Feed Additive
- Medicated calf milk replacers (22.7 mg/lb)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Incompatible with strong bases or oxidizing material. Store in a cool, dry place, preferably in airtight containers. Deccox is compatible with bacitracin zinc, chlortetracycline, and lincomycin.
飼主須知
- 給藥方式:請將藥物與寵物的食物充分混合均勻。
- 療程長度非常重要:
- 用於預防球蟲病時,必須至少連續使用 4週。
- 用於治療犬隻肝簇蟲病時,這是一個長期的療程,可能需要持續給藥長達 2年 以防止復發。
重要提示:此藥物主要用於預防感染,無法治癒已經出現症狀的活躍性球蟲感染。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。
