VetSheet

地氟醚

Desflurane

(±)-2-Difluoromethyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether

吸入性麻醉劑Inhalation狗貓

別名: Suprane · I-653 · desfluraani · desflurano · desfluranum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Induction = 8-15%; Maintenance = 5-9%Inhalation· Continuous· As needed

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
General Anesthesia (Clinically useful concentrations)Induction = 8-15%; Maintenance = 5-9%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Emergency patients)6%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Following IV induction)start with a vaporiser setting of about 8% (around MAC in most animals), increasing the concentration as required.InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
  • General Anesthesia (Emergency patients): Approximate MAC for emergency patients

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
General Anesthesia (Clinically useful concentrations)Induction = 8-15%; Maintenance = 5-9%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Emergency patients)6%InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
General Anesthesia (Following IV induction)start with a vaporiser setting of about 8% (around MAC in most animals), increasing the concentration as required.InhalationContinuousAs needed🌎 NA
  • General Anesthesia (Emergency patients): Approximate MAC for emergency patients

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

正在為病患診症？VetSheet 的 AI 會把藥物、劑量與療程直接寫入結構化診症筆記。了解 VetSheet 如何運作

概覽

地氟醚 (Desflurane) 是一種鹵素類揮發性吸入麻醉劑，化學結構與異氟醚 (Isoflurane) 極為相似。其最大臨床優勢在於​極快的麻醉誘導與甦醒速度​。由於其沸點接近室溫，必須使用專用的電加熱加壓揮發罐。它具有刺激性氣味，不適合用於面罩誘導。

作用機制

While the exact mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains incompletely understood, desflurane is believed to produce general anesthesia by interacting with the lipid matrix of neuronal membranes and modulating multiple ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system.

​Mechanistic Pathways:​

  • ​GABA_A and Glycine Receptors:​ Potentiates inhibitory neurotransmission → CNS depression.
  • ​NMDA Receptors:​ Inhibits excitatory glutamatergic transmission.

​Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) in Oxygen:​

  • Dogs: 7%
  • Cats: 9.8%
  • Horses: 7.23%
  • Rabbits: 8.9%
  • Alpacas/Llamas: 7.8-8.0%

​Note: Desflurane causes dose-dependent cardiovascular (hypotension) and respiratory depression, but does not sensitize the myocardium to catecholamine-induced arrhythmias.​

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hypersensitivity to desflurane or other halogenated anesthetic agents
  • History of or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia

不良反應

  • Hypotension (dose-dependent)
  • Respiratory depression (dose-dependent)
  • Respiratory irritation and salivation (especially with mask induction)
  • Sympathetic stimulation (tachycardia/hypertension) with rapid increases in concentration
  • Malignant hyperthermia (in susceptible individuals, though incidence may be lower than other halogenated agents)
  • Transient increases in glucose and white blood cell count

注意事項

​Rapid Recovery Warning:​ Because recovery is exceptionally fast, patients may wake up in pain if perioperative analgesics are not administered proactively. Ensure appropriate analgesia and sedation are on board before discontinuing the gas, particularly in large animals.

  • ​Induction:​ Due to its rapid action, use caution not to overdose during the induction phase.
  • ​Neurologic Patients:​ Use with caution (weigh benefits vs. risks) in patients with increased CSF pressure or head injury.
  • ​Compromised Patients:​ Geriatric or critically ill animals typically require lower concentrations of inhalation anesthetics.
  • ​Occupational Safety:​ NIOSH recommends workers should not be exposed to ceiling concentrations > 2 ppm over a 1-hour sampling period.

藥物相互作用

ACE Inhibitors or other hypotensive agents

Concomitant use may increase risks for severe hypotension.

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur.

Succinylcholine

May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias, sinus arrest, apnea) and trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients.

監測

  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and ventilatory status (capnography)
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Arterial blood pressure
  • Level of anesthetic depth (jaw tone, palpebral reflex)
  • Body temperature
  • Neuromuscular function

藥物動力學

吸收

Onset of action is very rapid after inhalation; often described as a 'one breath' induction.

分佈

At body temperature (37°C), blood/gas coefficient is 0.47 (predicts rapid recovery), oil/gas coefficient is 19 (indicates potency), and brain/blood coefficient is 1.3.

代謝

Highly resistant to biodegradation; very little is eliminated via hepatic routes (only 0.02% recovered as metabolites).

排除

Primarily eliminated unchanged via exhalation.

過量

In the event of an overdosage, immediately discontinue desflurane. Maintain a patent airway and provide positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen. Support cardiovascular function with intravenous fluids and sympathomimetics as necessary.

可用產品

劑型

  • Inhalation solution (liquid for vaporization)

人用標示

  • Desflurane Solution for Inhalation Anesthesia in 240 mL bottles (Suprane)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store in original container at 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). Secure cap tightly after use and protect from light. Before opening, the contents of the bottle should be cooled to below 10°C (48°F). Relatively stable in soda lime at room temperature, but can produce carbon monoxide and formaldehyde. At 80°C, rate of degradation per hour is 0.44%.

飼主須知

地氟醚是一種在獸醫手術中使用的吸入性麻醉氣體。它的主要優點是能讓寵物在手術後​非常迅速地甦醒​。由於甦醒速度極快，獸醫師會確保在麻醉氣體關閉前給予充足的止痛藥物，以確保寵物醒來時感到舒適。

VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。