地克珠利
Diclazuril
別名: Protazil · Clinicox · Vecoxan · diclazurilo · diclazurilum · R 64433
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis | 25 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis | 25 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis in kittens | 1 mL (2.5 mg) PO of the sheep solution per 4 kg body mass | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Isospora spp. infections | 25 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (S. neurona) | Top dress at the rate of 1 mg/kg bodyweight | PO | q24h | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (S. neurona): Using the oral pellets and the provided cup. If horse's bodyweight is in between two graduations on the dosing cup, fill the cup to the higher of the two marks.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an aid to control coccidiosis (calves) | 1 mg/kg (1 mL of the 2.5 mg/mL suspension per 2.5 kg bodyweight) PO as a single dose | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- As an aid to control coccidiosis (calves): Administer 14 days after moving into a potentially high risk environment. Recommended to treat all calves in pen.
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic use (lambs) | 1 mg/kg (1 mL of the 2.5mg/mL suspension per 2.5 kg bodyweight) PO once | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Preventative use (lambs) | 1 mg/kg PO | PO | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Therapeutic use (lambs): Recommended to treat all lambs in flock.
- Preventative use (lambs): Administer at about 4-6 weeks of age at the time that coccidiosis can normally be expected. Under high infection pressure, a second treatment may be indicated about 3 weeks after the first dosing.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
地克珠利 (Diclazuril) 是一種強效、廣效的抗原蟲藥物，屬於三嗪類（苯乙腈類）。
主要臨床應用包括：
- 馬：經 FDA 批准用於治療由 Sarcocystis neurona 引起的馬原蟲性脊髓腦炎 (EPM)。
- 經濟動物與家禽：廣泛用作肉雞、小牛和羔羊的抗球蟲藥。
- 小動物：標示外用於治療犬貓的頑固性球蟲症、Neospora caninum (新孢子蟲) 和 Toxoplasma (弓形蟲) 感染。
臨床重點：雖然地克珠利能有效清除 EPM 中的原蟲感染，但無法逆轉寄生蟲在中樞神經系統移行所造成的既有神經損傷。
作用機制
Diclazuril specifically targets the apicoplast (a plastid-like organelle) found uniquely in the Apicomplexa phylum (which includes Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, and Eimeria).
- Mechanism: It disrupts essential metabolic pathways within the apicoplast (likely involving lipid and heme biosynthesis) → halts intracellular schizogony and gametogony → parasiticidal effect.
- Potency: It is highly potent, with in vitro concentrations required to inhibit 95% of S. neurona being exceptionally low (~1 ng/mL).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to diclazuril
- Safe use in horses used for breeding, during pregnancy, or in lactation has not been evaluated
不良反應
- Severe diarrhea (rarely, in highly susceptible lambs)
注意事項
The safe use of Protazil in horses used for breeding purposes, during pregnancy, in lactation, or with other therapies has not been evaluated. Use with caution in highly susceptible lambs as severe diarrhea may occur on rare occasions.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (neurologic exams)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
In horses, oral bioavailability is about 5%.
分佈
CSF levels are approximately 15% of those found in plasma.
過量
Limited information is available, but the drug appears to have a large safety margin in animals. Normal horses dosed up to 50 mg/kg/day (50X) for 42 days developed only marginal effects (decreased weight gain, increased creatinine, BUN). Doses of up to 60X in lambs and calves did not cause any demonstrable side effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral pellets
- Medicated feed
- Oral suspension
獸醫用
- Diclazuril Oral Pellets 1.56% (Protazil)
- Diclazuril 0.2% Type A Medicated Feed Article (Clinicox)
- Diclazuril oral suspension 2.5 mg/mL (Vecoxan)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Diclazuril pellets should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). Oral suspension should be stored below 30°C.
飼主須知
針對患有 EPM 的馬匹：
- 嚴格遵從醫囑：必須每天給藥，完成整個 28 天的療程，才能有效清除寄生蟲。
- 預期效果：雖然藥物能殺死引起 EPM 的病原體，但無法修復已存在的神經損傷。部分馬匹可能無法完全恢復到「正常」狀態。
一般給藥指南：
- 顆粒劑：撒在動物的飼料上餵食。請準確使用隨附的量杯。
- 懸浮液：使用前請劇烈搖晃，確保藥物均勻混合。
- 儲存：顆粒劑請存放於室溫，懸浮液請存放於 30°C (86°F) 以下。
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