地克珠利
**地克珠利 (Diclazuril)** 是一種強效、廣效的抗原蟲藥物，屬於三嗪類（苯乙腈類）。 主要臨床應用包括： - **馬**：經 FDA 批准用於治療由 *Sarcocystis neurona* 引起的馬原蟲性脊髓腦炎 (EPM)。 - **經濟動物與家禽**：廣泛用作肉雞、小牛和羔羊的抗球蟲藥。 - **小動物**：標示外用於治療犬貓的頑固性球蟲症、*Neospora caninum* (新孢子蟲) 和 *Toxoplasma* (弓形蟲) 感染。 > **臨床重點**：雖然地克珠利能有效清除 EPM 中的原蟲感染，但無法逆轉寄生蟲在中樞神經系統移行所造成的既有神經損傷。
作用機制: Diclazuril specifically targets the **apicoplast** (a plastid-like organelle) found uniquely in the *Apicomplexa* phylum (which includes *Sarcocystis*, *Toxoplasma*, and *Eimeria*). - **Mechanism**: It disrupts essential metabolic pathways within the apicoplast (likely involving lipid and heme biosynthesis) → halts intracellular schizogony and gametogony → **parasiticidal** effect. - **Potency**: It is highly potent, with *in vitro* concentrations required to inhibit 95% of *S. neurona* being exceptionally low (~1 ng/mL).
各物種劑量
- Therapeutic use (lambs) · 1 mg/kg (1 mL of the 2.5mg/mL suspension per 2.5 kg bodyweight) PO once · PO · once · Recommended to treat all lambs in flock.
- Preventative use (lambs) · 1 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Administer at about 4-6 weeks of age at the time that coccidiosis can normally be expected. Under high infection pressure, a second treatment may be indicated about 3 weeks after the first dosing.
- Coccidiosis · 25 mg/kg PO once · PO · once
- Coccidiosis in kittens · 1 mL (2.5 mg) PO of the sheep solution per 4 kg body mass · PO · once
- Isospora spp. infections · 25 mg/kg PO once · PO · once
- As an aid to control coccidiosis (calves) · 1 mg/kg (1 mL of the 2.5 mg/mL suspension per 2.5 kg bodyweight) PO as a single dose · PO · once · Administer 14 days after moving into a potentially high risk environment. Recommended to treat all calves in pen.
- Treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (S. neurona) · Top dress at the rate of 1 mg/kg bodyweight · PO · q24h · 28 days · Using the oral pellets and the provided cup. If horse's bodyweight is in between two graduations on the dosing cup, fill the cup to the higher of the two marks.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to diclazuril
- Safe use in horses used for breeding, during pregnancy, or in lactation has not been evaluated
不良反應
- Severe diarrhea (rarely, in highly susceptible lambs)
監測
- Clinical efficacy (neurologic exams)
過量
Limited information is available, but the drug appears to have a large safety margin in animals. Normal horses dosed up to 50 mg/kg/day (50X) for 42 days developed only marginal effects (decreased weight gain, increased creatinine, BUN). Doses of up to 60X in lambs and calves did not cause any demonstrable side effects.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。