迪米那秦
Diminazene
Diminazene aceturate
別名: Berenil · Azidine · Veriben · Pirocide · Diminazene diaceturate · Diminazeno
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of Babesia (B. canis / B. gibsoni) | 3.5-5 mg/kg | IM | once for B. canis, repeat in 24 hours for B. gibsoni | — | 🌎 NA |
| Small Babesia (Okinawa) | 3.5 mg/kg | IM | repeat once in 24 hours | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of Babesia (South Africa) | 4.2 mg/kg | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of African trypanosomiasis | 3.6-7 mg/kg | IM | every 2 weeks as needed | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of Babesia (B. canis / B. gibsoni): Risk for neurotoxicity higher when total dosages are 7 mg/kg or higher.
- Treatment of Babesia (South Africa): Do not repeat within a 21-day period.
- Treatment of African trypanosomiasis: Used to control relapse or reinfection.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of cytauxzoonosis | 3-5 mg/kg | IM | one time | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of cytauxzoonosis | 2 mg/kg | IM | repeat in one week | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of cytauxzoonosis: Tick control remains the best means of preventing disease as treatment attempts meet with little success.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) | 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) | IM | one time | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa): Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) | 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) | IM | one time | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa): Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) | 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) | IM | one time | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa): Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) | 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) | IM | one time | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa): Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
迪米那秦（Diminazene aceturate）是一種芳香族二脒衍生物，主要用作抗原蟲藥。它對巴貝斯蟲 (Babesia) 和錐蟲 (Trypanosoma) 具有高度療效。雖然在美國未獲 FDA 批准，但它在全球廣泛用於治療家畜和伴侶動物由壁蝨和采采蠅傳播的疾病。
臨床要點：
- 當標準的阿奇黴素/阿托伐醌 (azithromycin/atovaquone) 療程失敗時，它常被用作犬隻吉氏巴貝斯蟲 (Babesia gibsoni) 感染的救援療法，儘管它可能僅能抑制而無法完全清除原蟲血症。
- 該藥物代謝緩慢，單次給藥後即可在數週內抑制臨床症狀復發或達到預防效果。
- 在特定 FDA 指南下，可合法進口至美國用於動物的恩慈療法。
作用機制
Diminazene binds to the AT-rich regions of the kinetoplast DNA in protozoa, interfering with DNA synthesis and replication. It is also thought to inhibit aerobic glycolysis, depriving the parasite of essential energy.
Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters protozoan → Binds kinetoplast DNA & inhibits aerobic glycolysis → Halts parasite replication → Allows host immune system to clear or suppress the infection.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Camelids (highly susceptible to toxic effects)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Pain and swelling at the injection site
- Transient decreases in blood pressure
- Ataxia (rare, <0.1%)
- Seizures (rare, <0.1%)
- Death (rare, <0.1%)
注意事項
Use with extreme caution in dogs at doses of 7 mg/kg or higher due to a significantly increased risk of severe neurotoxicity. Camels are highly susceptible to toxicity and the drug is generally contraindicated in camelids. Safety for nursing offspring has not been established as the drug distributes into milk.
監測
- Surveillance for potential adverse effects (especially neurological signs)
- Clinical efficacy
- Serial CBCs
- BUN and liver enzymes (in severe cases)
- Serum potassium (hypokalemia in severe cases)
- PCR test at 60 and 90 days post-therapy to determine 'clearing' of Babesia gibsoni
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly absorbed after IM administration in target species.
分佈
Distributed rapidly; high levels can be found in the liver and kidney. Enters the CSF at levels significantly lower than plasma in healthy animals, but CSF levels are higher in dogs with meningeal inflammation. Distributes into milk.
代謝
Metabolized somewhat in the liver, though it is unknown if metabolites possess anti-protozoal activity.
排除
Elimination half-lives are reportedly widely variable, with wide inter-patient variability noted even within individual studies.
過量
Diminazene appears most toxic in dogs and camels.
- Camels: Dosages greater than 7 mg/kg can be very toxic.
- Dogs: Dosages above 10 mg/kg IM can cause severe gastrointestinal, respiratory, nervous system, or musculoskeletal effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Powder for injection
- Granules for injection
- Packets for reconstitution
獸醫用
- Azidine
- Babezeen
- Crede-Bab-Minazene
- Berenil
- Dimisol
- Dizine
- Ganaseng
- Ganasegur
- Pirocide
- Veriben
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store powder, granules, or packets in a dry, cool place out of direct sunlight. Once reconstituted, the solution's stability is temperature dependent: up to 14 days when refrigerated, up to 5 days at 20°C, and only for 24 hours at temperatures above 50°C.
飼主須知
重要提示：此藥物用於治療嚴重的血液寄生蟲感染。
- 治癒與抑制：根據治療的物種不同，寄生蟲可能無法被完全根除。即使在治療後，您的寵物體內可能仍帶有寄生蟲，並且可能需要再次治療。治療的主要目標通常是消除臨床症狀，而非完全根除寄生蟲。
- 副作用：請密切觀察寵物是否有嘔吐、腹瀉或注射部位疼痛腫脹的情況。
- 神經系統症狀：如果您發現寵物出現步態不穩、虛弱或癲癇發作，請立即聯繫您的獸醫，因為這些可能是藥物中毒的跡象。
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。