迪米那秦
迪米那秦（Diminazene aceturate）是一種芳香族二脒衍生物，主要用作抗原蟲藥。它對**巴貝斯蟲 (Babesia)** 和**錐蟲 (Trypanosoma)** 具有高度療效。雖然在美國未獲 FDA 批准，但它在全球廣泛用於治療家畜和伴侶動物由壁蝨和采采蠅傳播的疾病。 **臨床要點**： * 當標準的阿奇黴素/阿托伐醌 (azithromycin/atovaquone) 療程失敗時，它常被用作犬隻吉氏巴貝斯蟲 (Babesia gibsoni) 感染的救援療法，儘管它可能僅能抑制而無法完全清除原蟲血症。 * 該藥物代謝緩慢，單次給藥後即可在數週內抑制臨床症狀復發或達到預防效果。 * 在特定 FDA 指南下，可合法進口至美國用於動物的恩慈療法。
作用機制: Diminazene binds to the AT-rich regions of the kinetoplast DNA in protozoa, interfering with **DNA synthesis** and replication. It is also thought to inhibit **aerobic glycolysis**, depriving the parasite of essential energy. **Mechanism Pathway:** Drug enters protozoan → Binds kinetoplast DNA & inhibits aerobic glycolysis → Halts parasite replication → Allows host immune system to clear or suppress the infection.
各物種劑量
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) · 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) · IM · one time · Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) · 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) · IM · one time · Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
- Treatment of cytauxzoonosis · 3-5 mg/kg · IM · one time · Tick control remains the best means of preventing disease as treatment attempts meet with little success.
- Treatment of cytauxzoonosis · 2 mg/kg · IM · repeat in one week
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) · 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) · IM · one time · Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
- Treatment of susceptible protozoal (Trypanosomes, Babesia) infections (West Africa) · 3.5 mg/kg (up to 8 mg/kg depending on susceptibility) · IM · one time · Do not exceed 4 grams total dose per animal.
- Treatment of Babesia (B. canis / B. gibsoni) · 3.5-5 mg/kg · IM · once for B. canis, repeat in 24 hours for B. gibsoni · Risk for neurotoxicity higher when total dosages are 7 mg/kg or higher.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Camelids (highly susceptible to toxic effects)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Pain and swelling at the injection site
- Transient decreases in blood pressure
- Ataxia (rare, <0.1%)
- Seizures (rare, <0.1%)
- Death (rare, <0.1%)
監測
- Surveillance for potential adverse effects (especially neurological signs)
- Clinical efficacy
- Serial CBCs
- BUN and liver enzymes (in severe cases)
- Serum potassium (hypokalemia in severe cases)
- PCR test at 60 and 90 days post-therapy to determine 'clearing' of Babesia gibsoni
過量
Diminazene appears most toxic in dogs and camels. * **Camels**: Dosages greater than 7 mg/kg can be very toxic. * **Dogs**: Dosages above 10 mg/kg IM can cause severe gastrointestinal, respiratory, nervous system, or musculoskeletal effects.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。