地諾前列素氨丁三醇
Dinoprost Tromethamine
Prostaglandin F2alpha tromethamine
別名: Lutalyse · In-Synch · Amtech Prostamate · idinoprostum trometamoli · PGF(2alpha) THAM · prostaglandin F(2alpha) trometamol · U-14583E
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of pyometra (open cervix, non-critically ill, ≤6 years old) | Day 1: 0.1 mg/kg SC once; Day 2: 0.2 mg/kg SC once; Days 3-7: 0.25 mg/kg SC once daily | SC | once daily (escalating dose) | 7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (After day 25 or 30) | maximum dosage of 80-100 micrograms/kg SC twice a day | SC | q12h | 6 days or longer | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy for termination of mid-term pregnancy | 0.1 mg/kg SC three times daily for 3 days and then 0.2 mg/kg SC three times daily to effect | SC | q8h | to effect | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of pyometra (open cervix, non-critically ill, ≤6 years old): Use concurrent antibiotics for 14 days after completion. Reevaluate at 7 and 14 days.
- Abortifacient (After day 25 or 30): Start with half the dose for the first day. Monitor side effects carefully.
- Adjunctive therapy for termination of mid-term pregnancy: Given concurrently with 1-3 micrograms/kg misoprostol intravaginally once daily.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of pyometra | Initially 0.1 mg/kg SC, then 0.25 mg/kg SC once a day for 5 days | SC | once daily | 6 days total | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient | 2 mg (total dose) per cat IM once a day beginning at day 33 | IM | once daily | Not specified | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of pyometra: Give bactericidal antibiotics concurrently. Not recommended in animals >8 yrs old.
- Abortifacient: Side effects include prostration, vomiting and diarrhea.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difficult to breed mares / Controlling time of estrus | 1 mg per 45 kg body weight IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Luteolysis and to stimulate uterine contractions | 10 mg (total dose) IM once | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (Prior to 12th day of pregnancy) | 5 mg IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (After 4th month of pregnancy) | 1 mg per 45 kg body weight (1 mg per 100 pounds) daily until abortion takes place | IM | once daily | until abortion | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (From day 80-300) | 2.5 mg q12h | IM | q12h | approx 4 injections on average | 🌎 NA |
| Estrus synchronization (Two injection method) | 5 mg dinoprost IM on day 1 and again on day 16 | IM | day 1 and day 16 | 16 days | 🌎 NA |
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estrus synchronization | 25 mg IM either once or twice at a 10-12 day interval | IM | once or twice | 10-12 day interval | 🌎 NA |
| Unobserved (silent) estrus | 25 mg IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Pyometra | 25 mg IM twice, 8 hours apart | IM | twice, 8 hours apart | 1 day | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (5-150 days of gestation) | 25-30 mg IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (After 150 days of gestation) | 25 mg dexamethasone with 25 mg dinoprost | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Induce parturition | 25-30 mg IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
- Pyometra: Alternatively, 25 mg IM once (McCormack 1986).
- Abortifacient (5-150 days of gestation): Alternatively, 25 mg IM during first 100 days.
- Induce parturition: Delivery will occur in about 72 hours.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estrus synchronization (grouping) | 15 mg dinoprost IM, followed in 12 hours by 10 mg IM | IM | twice, 12 hours apart | 1 day | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient | 5-10 mg IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Induce parturition | 10-25 mg IM from 2-6 days before expected parturition | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
- Estrus synchronization (grouping): At 15-55 days of gestation.
- Abortifacient: Abortion occurs in 24-48 hours.
- Induce parturition: Farrowing usually occurs 24-36 hours later.
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estrus synchronization | 8 mg IM on day 5 of estrous cycle and repeat in 11 days | IM | twice, 11 days apart | 11 days | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient (first two months of pregnancy) | 10-15 mg IM | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
- Abortifacient (first two months of pregnancy): Abortion takes place within 72 hours.
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estrus synchronization | 8 mg IM on day 4 of estrous cycle and repeat in 11 days | IM | twice, 11 days apart | 11 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pseudopregnancy (hydrometra/mucometra) | 5 mg IM once | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Abortifacient | 5-10 mg IM throughout entire pregnancy | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
| Induce parturition | 2.5-20 mg on days 144-149 | IM | once | once | 🌎 NA |
- Abortifacient: Abortion takes place in 4-5 days.
- Induce parturition: Higher dosage (20 mg) yields more predictable interval to delivery.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
地諾前列素氨丁三醇是天然前列腺素F2α (PGF2α) 的氨丁三醇鹽，廣泛應用於多種動物的獸醫繁殖醫學中。
- 大型動物：主要用作溶黃體劑，用於牛、馬、豬及小型反芻動物的發情同期化、無症狀發情治療、子宮蓄膿治療，以及作為墮胎或引產劑。
- 小型動物：標示外用於犬貓的墮胎劑，以及作為子宮頸開放型子宮蓄膿的輔助內科療法。
臨床要點：地諾前列素在犬隻的治療指數非常狹窄。其半數致死量 (LD50) 僅約為建議治療劑量的5倍，因此精確給藥與密切監測至關重要。由於安全性考量，目前針對子宮蓄膿的治療方案通常更傾向使用aglepristone合併cloprostenol或misoprostol。
作用機制
Dinoprost acts directly as a prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α) analog.
- Luteolysis: Binds to specific PGF2α receptors on the corpus luteum → inhibits steroidogenesis → induces structural and functional regression of the corpus luteum (luteolysis) → rapid decline in serum progesterone levels.
- Myometrial Contraction: Directly stimulates myometrial smooth muscle activity → increases intracellular calcium → induces strong uterine contractions.
- Cervical Relaxation: Promotes relaxation and dilation of the cervix, facilitating the expulsion of uterine contents (fetus or purulent material in pyometra).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Pregnancy (unless abortion or induced parturition is desired)
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Animals with bronchoconstrictive respiratory disease (e.g., asthma, 'heaves' in horses)
- Mares with acute or subacute disorders of the vascular system, GI tract, respiratory system, or reproductive tract
- Camelids (associated with acute toxicity and death)
- Relative contraindication: Closed-cervix pyometra
- Extreme caution in elderly (>8 years old) or debilitated animals, or those with severe cardiopulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease
不良反應
- Dogs/Cats: Abdominal pain, emesis, defecation, urination, pupillary dilation followed by constriction, tachycardias, restlessness, anxiety, fever, hypersalivation, dyspnea, panting. Fatalities are possible (especially in dogs). Cats may exhibit intense grooming and vocalization.
- Cattle: Infection at injection site, salivation, hyperthermia (especially at higher doses).
- Swine: Erythema, pruritus, urination, defecation, slight ataxia, hyperpnea, dyspnea, nesting behavior, abdominal muscle spasms, tail movements, increased vocalization, salivation.
- Horses: Transient decreased body temperature, sweating. Less frequently: increased respiratory and heart rates, ataxia, abdominal pain, lying down.
注意事項
HUMAN SAFETY WARNING: Pregnant women, asthmatics, and women of childbearing age should handle this product with extreme caution. Accidental skin exposure should be washed off immediately with soap and water.
VETERINARY PRECAUTIONS:
- Do NOT administer intravenously (IV).
- Use with extreme caution in dogs and cats over 8 years of age or those with significant concurrent illness.
- Monitor small animals closely for severe cardiorespiratory effects after administration.
- Closed-cervix pyometra is considered a relative contraindication due to the risk of uterine rupture from induced contractions.
藥物相互作用
Activity may be enhanced by dinoprost.
Reduced effect of dinoprost would be expected with concomitant administration.
監測
- Cardiorespiratory effects (especially in dogs and cats, particularly after higher dosages)
- Adverse effects (vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia, distress)
- Efficacy of treatment (e.g., ultrasound for pyometra resolution or pregnancy termination, observation for estrus)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Distributes very rapidly to tissues after injection.
分佈
Rapidly distributed to tissues.
過量
Dogs are highly sensitive to the toxic effects of dinoprost. The LD50 in the bitch is reported to be 5.13 mg/kg SC, which is only about 5 times greater than the recommended dose used by some clinicians.
In large animals (cattle, swine, horses), overdose quantities (e.g., 5-10X recommended doses) result in exaggerated adverse effects such as hyperthermia, vomiting, and severe abdominal cramping.
Treatment: If clinical signs are severe in any species, immediate supportive and symptomatic therapy is recommended.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection: 5 mg/mL (as dinoprost) in 10 mL and 30 mL vials
獸醫用
- Dinoprost Tromethamine for injection, equivalent to 5 mg/mL of dinoprost in 10 mL and 30 mL vials (Lutalyse Sterile Solution, Amtech Prostamate, In-Synch, Prostamate)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature (15-30°C) in airtight containers. Dinoprost is considered to be relatively insensitive to heat, light, and alkalis.
飼主須知
人類安全重大警告：孕婦、氣喘患者或患有支氣管疾病的人員必須極度謹慎地處理本產品。若皮膚意外接觸，應立即用肥皂和清水沖洗乾淨。
- 本藥物用於處理生殖系統疾病（如子宮感染/子宮蓄膿）或終止意外懷孕。
- 在犬貓中，注射後不久（通常在5到15分鐘內）可能會出現副作用。這些症狀可能包括喘氣、流口水、嘔吐、腹瀉、排尿和焦躁不安。
- 雖然這些副作用看起來可能令人擔憂，但通常會在20到30分鐘內消退。在此期間，請將您的寵物安置在舒適且易於清理的區域。
- 如果您的寵物出現嚴重的呼吸困難、極度嗜睡，或副作用持續不退，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
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