愛卓酚
愛卓酚是一種短效、可逆的乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑，主要用於獸醫學中診斷**重症肌無力**（通常稱為Tensilon測試）。它也可用於區分肌無力危象（治療不足）和膽鹼能危象（治療過度）、透過迷走神經效應治療心房心搏過速，以及拮抗非去極化神經肌肉阻斷劑。 > **臨床警告：** 進行愛卓酚測試時，由於有嚴重的心搏過緩或心搏停止的風險，請務必準備好阿托品（Atropine）以備不時之需。
作用機制: Edrophonium acts as a reversible and short-acting competitive inhibitor of the enzyme **acetylcholinesterase** at the neuromuscular junction. **Acetylcholine** release → binds to receptors → normally broken down by acetylcholinesterase. Edrophonium blocks this enzyme → **acetylcholine** accumulates → prolonged and increased stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, temporarily improving muscle strength in myasthenia gravis.
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction
- Mechanical urinary tract obstruction
- Peritonitis
不良反應
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Increased salivation
- Diarrhoea
- Muscle fasciculations
- Severe bradyarrhythmias
- Asystole
藥物相互作用
- Depolarizing neuromuscular relaxants (e.g., suxamethonium) · Potentiates neuromuscular blockade · major
監測
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG recommended during administration)
- Respiratory rate and effort
- Muscle strength and tone
- Cholinergic signs (salivation, vomiting, defecation)
過量
Overdosage may lead to **muscle fasciculations** and **paralysis**. Severe bradyarrhythmias, even asystole, may occur if edrophonium is used to antagonize neuromuscular block without the co-injection of atropine. > **Treatment:** Respiration should be supported and **atropine** administered IV to counteract muscarinic effects.
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