依卓酚 (Edrophonium)
Edrophonium Chloride
Edrophonium chloride
別名: Tensilon · Anticude · Camsilon · Reversol · Enlon-Plus · edrophonii chloridum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 1-10 mg (total dose) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1-0.2 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Patient is gently exercised until fatigued. Place indwelling catheter. Have atropine drawn up (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV) in case cholinergic signs develop. Flush catheter with sterile saline, then immediately lightly exercise or encourage to rise.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Presumptive positive test results in transient improvement in clinical weakness.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Have atropine and endotracheal tube readily available in case of overdose.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Pre-treat with atropine (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IM or SC). In affected animals, paresis should resolve within one minute and effects should last for up to 15 minutes.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.25 to 0.5 mg (total dose) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) | 0.1 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Patient is gently exercised until fatigued. Place indwelling catheter. Have atropine drawn up (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV) in case cholinergic signs develop. Flush catheter with sterile saline, then immediately lightly exercise or encourage to rise.
- Presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG): Pre-treat with atropine (0.02-0.04 mg/kg IM or SC). In affected animals, paresis should resolve within one minute and effects should last for up to 15 minutes.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
依卓酚是一種短效的注射用抗膽鹼酯酶藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於透過「Tensilon 測試」來推斷診斷重症肌無力（Myasthenia Gravis, MG）。雖然它也可用於逆轉非去極化神經肌肉阻斷劑的作用，或治療特定的室上性心搏過速（SVT），但由於其作用時間極短，臨床上通常會選擇作用時間較長的替代藥物（如新斯狄明 Neostigmine）。
作用機制
Edrophonium acts as a rapid, reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Mechanism of Action: Edrophonium briefly attaches to acetylcholinesterase → inhibits its hydrolytic activity → acetylcholine accumulates in the synaptic cleft → prolonged and increased stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
In patients with myasthenia gravis, the sudden surge of acetylcholine temporarily overcomes the autoimmune blockade/destruction of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to a rapid (but transient) return of muscle strength. Systemically, acetylcholine accumulation also causes parasympathomimetic effects including miosis, increased intestinal muscle tone, bronchoconstriction, salivation, and bradycardia.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Bronchial asthma
- Mechanical urinary tract obstruction
- Mechanical intestinal tract obstruction
- Known hypersensitivity to the drug
不良反應
- Urination
- Lacrimation
- Vomiting
- Defecation
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
- Salivation
注意事項
Use with extreme caution in patients with bradycardias or atrioventricular block. Adequate monitoring and treatment must be available. Always have IV atropine and an endotracheal tube readily available before administering edrophonium. Safety during pregnancy is not established (FDA Category C); use only when clearly necessary.
藥物相互作用
Antagonizes the muscarinic effects of edrophonium. Concurrent use should be done cautiously as atropine can mask the early clinical signs of a cholinergic crisis.
Theoretically may have additive cholinergic effects when used with edrophonium.
Edrophonium's cardiac effects may be increased; excessive slowing of heart rate (bradycardia) may occur.
Edrophonium may prolong the Phase I block of these agents.
Edrophonium antagonizes the neuromuscular blocking actions of these agents.
監測
- Cholinergic adverse effects (heart rate, respiratory rate/effort, salivation)
- Improvement of paresis (for 1-15 minutes) for presumptive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
藥物動力學
吸收
Only effective when given parenterally. After IV administration, effects on skeletal muscle begin within one minute.
分佈
Not well described in veterinary literature.
代謝
Exact metabolic fate has not been well described.
排除
Excretion characteristics are not well described. Clinical effects generally persist for up to 10 minutes, though myasthenic patients may experience longer-lasting effects after the first dose.
過量
Overdosage of edrophonium may induce a cholinergic crisis.
Clinical Signs of Toxicity (SLUDGE syndrome and beyond):
- GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation
- Respiratory: Increased bronchial secretions, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, respiratory paralysis
- Ophthalmic: Miosis, blurred vision, lacrimation
- Cardiovascular: Bradycardia or tachycardia, cardiospasm, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- Musculoskeletal: Muscle cramps, profound weakness, sweating (in animals with sweat glands)
Treatment: Consists of immediate respiratory and cardiac supportive therapy. Administer atropine IV to counteract severe muscarinic effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection
人用標示
- Edrophonium Chloride Solution for Injection: 10 mg/mL in 10 mL & 15 mL vials (Enlon, Reversol)
- Edrophonium Chloride/Atropine Sulfate for Injection: 10 mg/mL with 0.14 mg/mL atropine sulfate in 5 mL single-dose amps & 15 mL multi-dose vials (Enlon-Plus)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store injection at room temperature. Physically compatible at Y-site injections with heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, potassium chloride, and vitamin B complex with C. Compatibility depends on pH, concentration, and temperature.
飼主須知
- 僅限臨床環境使用： 依卓酚是一種專門的診斷藥物，只能在受控的獸醫醫院環境中給藥。
- 用途： 主要作為一種快速、暫時性的測試，幫助診斷導致嚴重肌肉無力的重症肌無力症。
- 預期情況： 您的獸醫會在測試期間密切監測您的寵物。可能會出現短暫的副作用，如流口水、嘔吐、排尿或心跳變化，但獸醫團隊已準備好在這些情況發生時立即進行處理。
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