依普菌素
Eprinomectin
4-epi-acetylamino-4-deoxy-avermectin B1
別名: Ivomec Eprinex · Broadline · NexGard Combo (contains eprinomectin) · MK-397 · 4-epi-acetylamino-4-deoxy-avermectin B1 · Eprinomectina · Eprinomectine
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment and prevention of fleas, ticks, nematodes (including feline lungworm and Capillaria plica), and prevention of heartworm disease | Monthly application | topical | monthly | 1 month per application | 🌍 EU |
- Treatment and prevention of fleas, ticks, nematodes (including feline lungworm and Capillaria plica), and prevention of heartworm disease: Apply appropriate pipette size based on cat's body weight.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in rabbits | 5 mg/kg topically, twice at 14 day intervals | topical | twice at 14 day intervals | 2 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in rabbits: One small study (6 subjects) showed partial response.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of psoroptic (P. equi) mange | 500 micrograms/kg (0.5 mg/kg) topically once weekly for 4 treatments | topical | once weekly | 4 treatments | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of psoroptic (P. equi) mange: Author's suggest getting informed consent before use.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labeled indications (gastrointestinal roundworms, cattle grubs, lice, mange mites, horn flies, lungworms) | 1 mL per 10 kg (22 lb) body weight applied topically along backline in a narrow strip from the withers to the tailhead | topical | once | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
依普菌素 (Eprinomectin) 是一種高效的阿維菌素類抗寄生蟲藥，主要作為牛隻的局部澆潑劑使用。它能提供廣效的內外寄生蟲控制，包括胃腸道圓線蟲、肺線蟲、牛皮蠅蛆、蝨子、疥癬蟎和角蠅。
- 主要優勢：在牛隻按標籤指示使用時，無需停乳或停藥期 (零停藥期)，對乳牛和肉牛養殖業非常方便。
- 標籤外使用：已證實對治療馬的癢蟎 (Psoroptic mange) 和兔子的耳蟎 (Psoroptes cuniculi) 有效。
臨床重點：作為一種大環內酯類藥物，其安全性與伊維菌素 (Ivermectin) 相似，但特別針對反芻動物的局部吸收進行了配方優化。
作用機制
Eprinomectin exerts its antiparasitic effect by binding selectively to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels found in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells.
- Mechanism: Binding → Increased cell membrane permeability to chloride ions → Hyperpolarization of the nerve/muscle cell → Paralysis and death of the parasite.
- It also enhances the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at presynaptic neurons, which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, blocking post-synaptic stimulation.
- Safety: Mammals are generally unaffected because they lack glutamate-gated chloride channels, and macrocyclic lactones do not readily cross the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) under normal conditions.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Oral administration
- Intravenous administration
- Cats weighing < 0.6 kg
- Kittens < 7 weeks of age
- Dogs (not intended for use)
不良反應
- Ineffectiveness for parasite control (reported in FDA database)
- Anorexia
- Udder hypogalactia
- Mild clumping of the hair at the application site
注意事項
Warning: Do not administer orally or intravenously. Highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; dispose of containers properly.
藥物相互作用
Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically
Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically
Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically
Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically
Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically
Theoretical potential for interaction due to shared P-glycoprotein efflux pump mechanisms, though none have been clinically reported.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (parasite clearance)
- Adverse reactions (anorexia, milk production in dairy cattle)
- Efficacy of parasite control
- Application site reactions (hair clumping, alopecia, erythema)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Absorbed systemically following topical application in cats to provide endoparasitic efficacy.
分佈
Widely distributed; avermectins generally concentrate in liver and adipose tissue.
代謝
Hepatic metabolism.
排除
Primarily excreted in feces.
過量
Calves given up to 5X dosage showed no signs of adverse effects. One subject (of 6) showed signs of mydriasis when given a 10X dose.
可用產品
劑型
- Topical (Pour-On) Solution: 5 mg/mL
- Topical spot-on solution: 4 mg/ml eprinomectin, fipronil, S-methoprene, and praziquantel (available in 2 pipette sizes)
獸醫用
- Eprinomectin Topical (Pour-On) Solution: 5 mg/mL (Ivomec Eprinex)
- Broadline spot-on solution for cats (UK/EU)
各地核准狀態
停藥期: cattle meat 15 days (pour-on) · cattle milk 0 days (pour-on)
Broadline is centrally authorized in the EU.
Classified as POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian).
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store protected from light and kept at 86°F (30°C) or less. Storage up to 104°F (40°C) is permitted for a short period.
飼主須知
- 零停藥期：按指示用於牛隻時，無需丟棄牛奶或延遲屠宰。
- 耐候性：施藥期間的降雨或天氣條件不會影響藥效。
- 施藥注意事項：請直接塗抹於背部中線。切勿塗抹於覆蓋厚重泥土或糞便的部位，以免阻礙吸收。
-
環境警告：依普菌素對魚類和水生生物具有高度毒性。請妥善處理空容器（如送至核准的掩埋場或焚化），絕對不可污染水源。
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