依普菌素
依普菌素 (Eprinomectin) 是一種高效的**阿維菌素類抗寄生蟲藥**，主要作為牛隻的局部澆潑劑使用。它能提供廣效的內外寄生蟲控制，包括胃腸道圓線蟲、肺線蟲、牛皮蠅蛆、蝨子、疥癬蟎和角蠅。 - **主要優勢**：在牛隻按標籤指示使用時，**無需停乳或停藥期 (零停藥期)**，對乳牛和肉牛養殖業非常方便。 - **標籤外使用**：已證實對治療馬的癢蟎 (Psoroptic mange) 和兔子的耳蟎 (*Psoroptes cuniculi*) 有效。 *臨床重點*：作為一種大環內酯類藥物，其安全性與伊維菌素 (Ivermectin) 相似，但特別針對反芻動物的局部吸收進行了配方優化。
作用機制: Eprinomectin exerts its antiparasitic effect by binding selectively to **glutamate-gated chloride ion channels** found in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells. - **Mechanism**: Binding → Increased cell membrane permeability to chloride ions → Hyperpolarization of the nerve/muscle cell → **Paralysis and death** of the parasite. - It also enhances the release of **gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)** at presynaptic neurons, which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, blocking post-synaptic stimulation. - *Safety*: Mammals are generally unaffected because they lack glutamate-gated chloride channels, and macrocyclic lactones do not readily cross the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) under normal conditions.
各物種劑量
- Treatment and prevention of fleas, ticks, nematodes (including feline lungworm and Capillaria plica), and prevention of heartworm disease · Monthly application · topical · monthly · 1 month per application · Apply appropriate pipette size based on cat's body weight.
- Treatment of psoroptic (P. equi) mange · 500 micrograms/kg (0.5 mg/kg) topically once weekly for 4 treatments · topical · once weekly · 4 treatments · Author's suggest getting informed consent before use.
- Ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in rabbits · 5 mg/kg topically, twice at 14 day intervals · topical · twice at 14 day intervals · 2 treatments · One small study (6 subjects) showed partial response.
- Labeled indications (gastrointestinal roundworms, cattle grubs, lice, mange mites, horn flies, lungworms) · 1 mL per 10 kg (22 lb) body weight applied topically along backline in a narrow strip from the withers to the tailhead · topical · once
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Oral administration
- Intravenous administration
- Cats weighing < 0.6 kg
- Kittens < 7 weeks of age
- Dogs (not intended for use)
不良反應
- Ineffectiveness for parasite control (reported in FDA database)
- Anorexia
- Udder hypogalactia
- Mild clumping of the hair at the application site
藥物相互作用
- ciclosporin · Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically · minor
- itraconazole · Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically · minor
- loperamide · Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically · minor
- steroids · Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically · minor
- opiates · Potential interaction as both are P-glycoprotein substrates; none reported clinically · minor
- P-glycoprotein substrates (e.g., ciclosporin, itraconazole, loperamide, steroids, opiates) · Theoretical potential for interaction due to shared P-glycoprotein efflux pump mechanisms, though none have been clinically reported. · minor
監測
- Clinical efficacy (parasite clearance)
- Adverse reactions (anorexia, milk production in dairy cattle)
- Efficacy of parasite control
- Application site reactions (hair clumping, alopecia, erythema)
過量
Calves given up to 5X dosage showed no signs of adverse effects. One subject (of 6) showed signs of mydriasis when given a 10X dose.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。