紅黴素
巨環類抗生素 (眼科用)Critically Important
紅黴素是一種**巨環類抗生素 (Macrolide)**，常用于獸醫眼科。 * **抗菌譜：** 主要針對革蘭氏陽性菌（腸球菌除外）。 * **目標病原體：** 在眼科應用中，主要針對由黴漿菌 (*Mycoplasma* spp.)、披衣菌 (*Chlamydia* spp.) 和伯氏疏螺旋體 (*Borrelia burgdorferi*) 引起的感染。 * **臨床實用性：** 由於這些特定非典型病原體對紅黴素的抗藥性仍然有限，它仍是治療這些病原體引起的眼部疾病（如貓披衣菌和黴漿菌性結膜炎）的有效治療選擇。
作用機制: Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic. * **Mechanism:** It reversibly binds to the **50S ribosomal subunit** of susceptible microorganisms. * **Pathway:** Binding to the 50S subunit → blockade of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions → inhibition of RNA-dependent bacterial protein synthesis → suppression of bacterial growth.
各物種劑量
Cats
- Ophthalmic infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Borrelia) · ½ inch strip · topical ophthalmic · three to four times daily
Dogs
- Ophthalmic infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Borrelia) · ½ inch strip · topical ophthalmic · three to four times daily
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
topical ophthalmicPO
禁忌症
- Hepatic dysfunction (especially the estolate salt)
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal upset (most common)
- Cholestatic hepatitis (associated with estolate salt in humans)
藥物相互作用
- Digoxin · May enhance the absorption of digoxin from the GI tract · moderate
- Ciclosporin · Increases serum levels of ciclosporin · major
- Cisapride · Increases serum levels of cisapride, leading to potentially fatal arrhythmias · major
- Methylprednisolone · Increases serum levels of methylprednisolone · moderate
- Theophylline · Increases serum levels of theophylline · major
- Terfenadine · Increases serum levels of terfenadine, leading to potentially fatal arrhythmias · major
- Macrolides · Antagonism may occur if used in combination · major
- Lincosamides · Antagonism may occur if used in combination · major
- Chloramphenicol · Antagonism may occur if used in combination (competes for 50S binding site) · major
監測
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Hepatic function (especially if using estolate salt)
- Renal function
- Serum levels of interacting drugs (e.g., theophylline, ciclosporin)
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。