紅黴素
Erythromycin
別名: Ilotycin · Erythrocin · Erythroped · Erythromycinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Prokinetic agent (extra-label)
須由已驗證獸醫確認
- q8h
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (4)
- NOTE: IV injections should be given slowly (ie, over 20-60 minutes). See Adverse Effects.
- Erythromycin (base) capsules and tablets should be stored in airtight containers at room temperature of 15°C to 30°C (59°F-86°F).
- Erythromycin ethylsuccinate tablets and powder for oral suspension should be stored in airtight containers at room temperature.
- Erythromycin lactobionate powder for injection should be stored at room temperature. For initial reconstitution (vials), use only sterile water for injection. After reconstitution, the drug is stable for 24 hours at room temperature and for 2 weeks if refrigerated. To prepare for administration via continuous or intermittent infusion, the drug is further diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride, lactated Ringer’s solution, or Normosol®-R. Other infusion solutions may be used but first must be buffered with 4% sodium bicarbonate injection (1 mL per 100 mL of solution). At a pH of less than 5.5, the drug is unstable and loses potency rapidly.
Susceptible infections (extra-label)
- q8-12h
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (3)
- Erythromycin (base) capsules and tablets should be stored in airtight containers at room temperature of 15°C to 30°C (59°F-86°F).
- Erythromycin ethylsuccinate tablets and powder for oral suspension should be stored in airtight containers at room temperature.
- NOTE: IV injections should be given slowly (ie, over 20-60 minutes). See Adverse Effects.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
紅黴素是一種巨環類抗生素 (Macrolide)，常用于獸醫眼科。
- 抗菌譜： 主要針對革蘭氏陽性菌（腸球菌除外）。
- 目標病原體： 在眼科應用中，主要針對由黴漿菌 (Mycoplasma spp.)、披衣菌 (Chlamydia spp.) 和伯氏疏螺旋體 (Borrelia burgdorferi) 引起的感染。
- 臨床實用性： 由於這些特定非典型病原體對紅黴素的抗藥性仍然有限，它仍是治療這些病原體引起的眼部疾病（如貓披衣菌和黴漿菌性結膜炎）的有效治療選擇。
作用機制
Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic.
- Mechanism: It reversibly binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms.
- Pathway: Binding to the 50S subunit → blockade of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions → inhibition of RNA-dependent bacterial protein synthesis → suppression of bacterial growth.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hepatic dysfunction (especially the estolate salt)
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal upset (most common)
- Cholestatic hepatitis (associated with estolate salt in humans)
藥物相互作用
May enhance the absorption of digoxin from the GI tract
Increases serum levels of ciclosporin
Increases serum levels of cisapride, leading to potentially fatal arrhythmias
Increases serum levels of methylprednisolone
Increases serum levels of theophylline
Increases serum levels of terfenadine, leading to potentially fatal arrhythmias
Antagonism may occur if used in combination
Antagonism may occur if used in combination
Antagonism may occur if used in combination (competes for 50S binding site)
監測
- Gastrointestinal signs
- Hepatic function (especially if using estolate salt)
- Renal function
- Serum levels of interacting drugs (e.g., theophylline, ciclosporin)
藥物動力學
吸收
The base is acid-labile and should be administered on an empty stomach.
分佈
Being a lipophilic weak base, it is concentrated in fluids that are more acidic than plasma, including milk, prostatic fluid, and intracellular fluid.
可用產品
劑型
- Ophthalmic ointment 0.5%
- 250 mg tablet
- 500 mg tablet
- 250 mg capsule
- 500 mg capsule
- 250 mg/5ml oral suspension
人用標示
- Erythromycin 0.5% ophthalmic ointment, 3.5 gram tube, generic (Rx)
- Erythrocin
- Erythroped
- Erythromycin 250 mg tablets/capsules
- Erythromycin 500 mg tablets/capsules
- Erythromycin 250 mg/5ml suspension
各地核准狀態
POM-V, POM
POM-V, POM
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飼主須知
重要提示： 本藥物僅供眼部使用。
- 給藥方式： 按照獸醫的指示，每天 3 至 4 次，在受感染的眼睛上擠出約半英寸（約 1.25 公分）長的藥膏。
- 衛生： 塗抹前後請洗手。請勿讓管口接觸眼睛、眼瞼或任何其他表面，以防污染。
- 療程： 即使眼睛看起來已經好轉，也請完成整個療程，以防止感染復發或產生抗藥性。
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