依托度酸
Etodolac
Indole acetic acid derivative
別名: EtoGesic · Lodine · AY-24236 · etodolacum · etodolic acid · Acudor · Articulan · Dualgan · Eccoxolac · Edolan · Elderin · Etonox · Etopan · Flancox · Hypen · Lodot · Lonine · Metazin · Sodolac · Ultradol · Zedolac
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis | 10-15 mg/kg | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis | 10-15 mg/kg | SC | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: Dogs less than 5 kg cannot be accurately dosed with EtoGesic tablets. Adjust dose to obtain satisfactory response, but do not exceed 15 mg/kg. For long-term therapy, reduce dose level to minimum effective dosage.
- Treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: Administer as a dorsoscapular subcutaneous injection. If needed, daily doses of tablets may begin 24 hours after the last injectable treatment. Use alternate injection sites.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
依托度酸 (Etodolac) 是一種非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID)，主要用於獸醫學中以控制犬隻與骨關節炎相關的疼痛和發炎。
- 提供口服錠劑與注射劑型。
- 在犬隻體內具有相對較長的半衰期，因此可以方便地每日給藥一次。
- 臨床要點：雖然有效，但與一些較新的獸醫專用 NSAID 相比，依托度酸的治療指數較窄，這意味著精確的劑量對於避免胃腸道毒性至關重要。僅 2.7 倍的治療劑量就可能產生胃腸道病變。
作用機制
Etodolac exerts its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects primarily by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.
- Arachidonic Acid → Prostaglandins: By blocking COX, etodolac prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid into pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
- It is generally considered a COX-1 sparing drug rather than highly COX-2 selective in dogs. In horses, it does not exhibit much COX-2 selectivity.
- Additionally, etodolac inhibits macrophage chemotaxis, which further blunts the inflammatory cascade at the site of tissue injury.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to etodolac
- Dogs less than 12 months of age
- Breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs (safe use not established)
- Cats (highly sensitive to toxicity)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Regurgitation
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
- Hypoproteinemia
- Urticaria
- Behavioral changes
- Inappetence
- Hepatotoxicity (rare)
- Nephrotoxicity (rare)
- Localized pain or tissue reactions at injection site
- Decreased total serum T4
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
注意事項
Use with caution in dogs with preexisting or occult GI, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, or hematologic abnormalities as NSAIDs may exacerbate these conditions.
Important: Patients may be more susceptible to renal injury from etodolac if they are dehydrated, on diuretics, or have preexisting renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular dysfunction.
Terminate therapy if inappetence, vomiting, fecal abnormalities, or anemia are observed.
藥物相互作用
May reduce antihypertensive effects and increase the risk for renal injury.
May decrease etodolac plasma levels and increase likelihood of GI adverse effects (blood loss). Concomitant use is not recommended.
May increase cyclosporine blood levels and increase the risk for nephrotoxicity.
May increase serum levels of digoxin. Use with caution in severe cardiac failure.
May reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of furosemide.
Serious toxicity has occurred with concomitant NSAID use.
Potential for increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
May increase the metabolism of etodolac in dogs.
May cause a significant increase in serum levels and half-life of etodolac.
May increase the risk for bleeding.
監測
- Baseline physical exam, CBC, Serum chemistry panel (liver and renal function), and Urinalysis
- Reassess liver enzymes at one week of therapy
- Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) prior to and during therapy due to KCS risk
- Clinical efficacy (pain scoring)
- Signs of adverse reactions: inappetence, vomiting, melena, diarrhea, PU/PD, jaundice, lethargy
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after oral administration. Food may alter the rate, but not the extent, of absorption. Peak serum levels occur about 2 hours post dosing. Oral bioavailability in horses is about 77%.
分佈
Highly bound to serum proteins. In horses, volume of distribution is 0.29 L/kg.
代謝
Glucuronide conjugates have been detected in the bile but not the urine.
排除
Primarily excreted via the bile into the feces. Rate of enterohepatic circulation may be affected by the presence of food in the gut.
過量
Etodolac has a relatively narrow therapeutic window in dogs.
- 2.7X overdose (40 mg/kg/day): Can cause GI ulcers, weight loss, emesis, and local occult blood.
- 5.3X overdose (80 mg/kg/day): Highly lethal; caused death or moribund state secondary to severe GI ulceration in safety studies.
- Feline Toxicity: Cats are highly sensitive. Exposures have resulted in acute renal failure, anorexia, collapse, hyperkalemia, and hypersalivation.
Treatment: Decontamination with emetics and/or activated charcoal may be appropriate for acute ingestions. Use gastrointestinal protectants for expected GI effects. If renal effects are anticipated, aggressive fluid diuresis is warranted.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral tablets
- Subcutaneous injection
獸醫用
- Etodolac Scored Tablets: 150 mg & 300 mg (EtoGesic)
- Etodolac Injection 10% (100 mg/mL) in 50 mL vials (EtoGesic Injectable)
人用標示
- Etodolac Tablets: 400 mg & 500 mg
- Etodolac Capsules: 200 mg & 300 mg
- Etodolac Extended-release tablets: 400 mg, 500 mg & 600 mg
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Veterinary tablets should be stored at controlled room temperature (15-30°C). Injection should be stored at or below 77°F (25°C).
飼主須知
給藥方式：請嚴格按照獸醫的處方給藥。通常建議與食物一起餵食，以減少腸胃不適的機會。
注意副作用：如果您的狗出現以下情況，請立即停藥並聯繫您的獸醫：
- 嘔吐或反胃
- 腹瀉或黑色柏油狀糞便（黑便）
- 食慾不振或極度嗜睡
- 口渴或排尿增加
眼睛健康：在極少數情況下，此藥物會引起「乾眼症」（乾燥性角結膜炎）。請注意是否有過度瞇眼、眼睛發紅或出現濃稠黏稠的眼部眼屎。
警告：絕對不可將此藥物給予貓咪或其他寵物，因為對牠們具有高度毒性甚至致命。請將藥物放置於所有動物和兒童接觸不到的地方。
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