芬苯達唑
Fenbendazole
Methyl [5-(phenylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
別名: Panacur · Safe-Guard · Granofen · Wormazole · Hoe-881V · Fenbendazolum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection after diagnostic risk-benefit discussion
- q24h · 30d
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (9)
- Infections marked by ocular, CNS, and renal disease
- Otitis interna and/or media
- Most common cause of vestibular signs must exclude first
- CNS infections (toxoplasmosis, abscess), neoplasia, trauma
- Many North American and European rabbits will be positive, indicative of prior (in utero) exposure and not necessarily active disease
- Definitive diagnosis based on organism (obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite) identification in affected tissues, generally postmortem
- Head CT/MRI is considered for excluding bulla disease, abscess, neoplasia
- Positive serology and response to treatment supports presumed diagnosis, but risk/benefit discussion required prior to initiation
- Risk of bone marrow suppression/aplastic anemia/pancytopenia with therapy must be considered/discussed prior to therapy
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
芬苯達唑是一種高效、廣效的苯並咪唑類驅蟲藥，廣泛應用於多種動物的獸醫學中。
主要臨床特點：
- 線蟲療效： 對胃腸道蛔蟲、鉤蟲和鞭蟲高度有效。
- 絛蟲療效： 對帶絛蟲（Taenia spp.）有效，但對常見的跳蚤絛蟲（犬複孔絛蟲）無效。
- 原蟲療效： 被認為是犬貓梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia）感染的第一線治療藥物。
- 呼吸道寄生蟲： 常用於治療各種肺蟲感染（例如：貓肺蟲、毛細線蟲、肺吸蟲）。
臨床要點： 芬苯達唑具有極寬的安全範圍，是治療懷孕動物寄生蟲（包括梨形鞭毛蟲）感染的首選藥物。
作用機制
Fenbendazole is a time-dependent antiparasitic agent, which is why multi-day dosing is typically required in small animals.
- Primary Mechanism: It selectively binds to parasite β-tubulin → prevents tubulin polymerization → inhibits microtubule formation. This disrupts essential intracellular transport mechanisms within the parasite.
- Secondary Mechanism: At higher concentrations, it disrupts metabolic pathways by inhibiting key enzymes such as fumarate reductase and malate dehydrogenase → depletes ATP/energy reserves → parasite death.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Not FDA-approved for use in horses intended for food purposes
不良反應
- Hypersensitivity reactions (secondary to antigen release by dying parasites)
- Salivation (infrequent)
- Vomiting (infrequent)
- Diarrhea (infrequent)
- Pancytopenia (rarely reported in dogs)
- Bone marrow hypoplasia (rarely reported in dogs)
注意事項
Important: Single doses are generally not effective in dogs and cats; treatment must continue for at least 3 consecutive days.
- Hypersensitivity: Reactions may occur secondary to antigen release by dying parasites, particularly in animals with high parasite burdens.
- Food Animal Withdrawal: Observe appropriate slaughter withdrawal times for cattle and swine based on the specific product used.
藥物相互作用
Abortions in cattle and death in sheep have been reported after concurrent use
監測
- Fecal examinations to confirm parasite clearance
- Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions if treating heavy parasite burdens
- Fecal examination for parasite clearance
- Complete blood count (CBC) if bone marrow hypoplasia is suspected
藥物動力學
吸收
Marginally absorbed after oral administration. The amount absorbed from the gut is associated with the solubility of the drug, not the dose given. Bioavailability is significantly increased in dogs when administered with food (fat content does not alter this).
分佈
Reaches systemic circulation sufficiently to treat migrating larvae and lungworms, though specific distribution parameters are not detailed.
代謝
Absorbed fenbendazole is metabolized to the active compound oxfendazole (sulfoxide) and the sulfone.
排除
In sheep, cattle, and pigs, 44-50% of a dose is excreted unchanged in the feces, and <1% in the urine.
過量
Fenbendazole is exceptionally well tolerated, even at doses up to 100X the recommended dose.
- The LD50 in laboratory animals exceeds 10 grams/kg when administered orally.
- It is highly unlikely that an acute overdosage would lead to any significant clinical signs.
可用產品
劑型
- Granules (22.2%)
- Paste (10%)
- Type B Medicated Feed (1.8%, 0.96%)
- Type C Medicated Feed (0.50%, 35% Salt Free-choice)
- Pellets (0.5%, 1.96%)
- Premix 20% Type A
- Chewable Tablets (Combination with Ivermectin and Praziquantel)
- 222 mg/g oral granules (22%)
- 440 mg/g oral granules (44%)
- 880 mg/g oral granules (88%)
- 25 mg/ml oral suspension (2.5%)
- 100 mg/ml oral suspension (10%)
- 187.5 mg/g oral paste (18.75%)
獸醫用
- Fenbendazole Granules: 222 mg/gram (22.2%)
- Fenbendazole Suspension: 100 mg/mL (10%)
- Fenbendazole Paste: 100 mg/gram (10%)
- Fenbendazole Type B Medicated Feed (1.8%, 0.96%)
- Fenbendazole Type C Medicated Feed (0.50%, 35% Salt Free-choice)
- Fenbendazole Pellets (0.5%, 1.96%)
- Fenbendazole Premix 20% Type A (200 mg/gram)
- Combination Products: Fenbendazole/Ivermectin/Praziquantel Chewable Tablets (Panacur Plus Soft Chews)
- Granofen
- Wormazole
各地核准狀態
Authorized proprietary products available.
Available as AVM-GSL (General Sales List) and NFA-VPS (Non-Food Animal - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP).
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Fenbendazole products should be stored at room temperature.
飼主須知
重要提示： 給狗狗服用此藥物時，請務必與食物一起餵食，這能顯著提高藥物的吸收和療效。
- 連續多日給藥： 與某些單次劑量的驅蟲藥不同，芬苯達唑通常需要連續服用 3 到 5 天才能發揮療效。請勿漏服。
- 安全性： 此藥物非常安全，但偶爾寵物可能會出現輕微的嘔吐、流口水或腹瀉。
- 預期情況： 治療後您可能會在寵物的糞便中看到死去的寄生蟲，這是正常現象。
- 梨形鞭毛蟲治療： 如果是為了治療梨形鞭毛蟲，請確保同時為寵物洗澡（特別是後軀），並徹底清潔牠們的生活環境以防止重複感染。
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