硫酸亞鐵
Ferrous Sulfate
Iron (II) sulfate
別名: Fer-In-Sol · Feosol · FeroSul · Fer-Gen-Sol · eisen(II)-sulfat · ferreux (sulfate) · ferrosi sulfas heptahydricus · ferrous sulphate · ferrum sulfuricum oxydulatum · iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate · iron sulphate · ferrous sulfate, exsiccated · dried ferrous sulfate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron deficiency anemia | 100-300 mg (total dose) PO once a day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 100-300 mg per day (total dose) PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunct to epoetin (erythropoietin) therapy | 100-300 mg (total dose) PO per day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Iron deficiency anemia: Dose is for ferrous sulfate, not elemental iron.
- Iron deficiency anemia: First correct underlying cause of blood loss. Absorption is enhanced if administered 1 hour before or several hours after feeding. Reduce dosage if GI side effects occur.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron deficiency anemia | 50-100 mg (total dose) PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 30-200 mg (total dose) PO per day | PO | q24h | 2 weeks or more | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunct to epoetin (erythropoietin) therapy | 50-100 mg (total dose) PO per day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunct to epoetin (erythropoietin) therapy | 5-50 mg per cat PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunct to epoetin (erythropoietin) therapy | 50-100 mg per cat PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunct to epoetin (erythropoietin) therapy | 10 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Adjunct to epoetin (erythropoietin) therapy: Many cats do not tolerate oral iron therapy and are better treated with iron dextran at 50 mg IM q3-4 weeks.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematinic | 2-8 g PO per day | PO | q24h | 2 weeks or more | 🌎 NA |
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematinic | 8-15 g PO per day | PO | q24h | 2 weeks or more | 🌎 NA |
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematinic | 0.5-2 g PO per day | PO | q24h | 2 weeks or more | 🌎 NA |
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematinic | 0.5-2 g PO per day | PO | q24h | 2 weeks or more | 🌎 NA |
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
硫酸亞鐵是一種口服鐵劑，在獸醫學中主要用於治療缺鐵性貧血（通常繼發於慢性失血，如嚴重的跳蚤/鉤蟲感染或胃腸道出血），並作為接受紅血球生成素 (epoetin) 治療的慢性腎病患畜的輔助療法。
臨床要點： 口服鐵劑的劑量計算容易混淆。必須區分鐵鹽（硫酸亞鐵）劑量和元素鐵劑量。一般硫酸亞鐵含有約 20% 的元素鐵（每克含 200 毫克元素鐵），而乾燥（脫水）硫酸亞鐵含有約 30% 的元素鐵（每克含 300 毫克元素鐵）。
作用機制
Iron is an essential trace mineral required for the transport and utilization of oxygen.
Dietary or supplemental iron is absorbed primarily in the duodenum and proximal jejunum → binds to the transport protein transferrin in the plasma → transported to the bone marrow → incorporated into porphyrin to form heme.
Heme is a critical component of hemoglobin (in red blood cells) and myoglobin (in muscle). Ionized iron also acts as an essential cofactor for several metabolic enzymes, including cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase. While iron does not directly stimulate erythropoiesis, it provides the necessary building blocks to correct hemoglobin deficits caused by iron deficiency.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hemosiderosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Hemolytic anemias
- Known hypersensitivity to iron products
- Gastrointestinal ulcerative diseases (relative contraindication due to GI irritation)
不良反應
- Mild gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting)
- Black or dark-colored feces (normal and harmless)
- Constipation or diarrhea
注意事項
WARNING: Dosing of oral iron products can be confusing. Always verify whether the dose is for the iron salt (e.g., ferrous sulfate) or elemental iron. Use with caution in patients with GI ulcerative diseases due to the irritating properties of the drug. Large doses can color feces black, causing false-positives on guaiac tests for occult blood.
藥物相互作用
May bind to iron and decrease oral absorption; administer at least two hours apart.
May bind to iron and decrease oral absorption; administer at least two hours apart.
May delay the response to iron administration; avoid using in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Iron may significantly reduce the absorption of oral fluoroquinolones; administer at least two hours apart.
Increased gastric pH may decrease iron absorption.
Iron can decrease the efficacy of penicillamine by decreasing its absorption; space doses as far apart as possible.
Increased gastric pH may decrease iron absorption.
Oral iron preparations can bind to orally administered tetracyclines, decreasing the absorption of both compounds.
Iron may reduce the absorption of oral thyroxine; administer at least two hours apart.
May enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of iron.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of anemia signs)
- Hemograms (CBC)
- Serum iron (Normal: Dogs 80-180 mcg/dL, Cats 70-140 mcg/dL)
- Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (Normal: Dogs 280-340 mcg/dL, Cats 270-400 mcg/dL)
- Serum transferrin saturation
藥物動力學
吸收
Complex and determined by diet, iron stores, erythropoiesis degree, and dose. Absorbed throughout the GI tract, but mostly in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Food in the GI tract may reduce the amount absorbed.
分佈
After absorption, ferrous iron is immediately bound to transferrin and transported to the bone marrow.
代謝
Incorporated into hemoglobin. Iron metabolism occurs in a nearly closed system; iron liberated by hemoglobin destruction is reused by the body.
排除
Only small amounts are lost via hair and nail growth, normal skin desquamation, and GI tract sloughing.
過量
Ingestion of iron-containing products can result in life-threatening toxicity. As little as 400 mg of elemental iron can be fatal in a child.
Clinical Signs of Toxicity:
- Phase 1 (30 mins to several hours): Acute gastrointestinal irritation, distress, vomiting (possibly hemorrhagic), abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
- Phase 2 (12-48 hours): The patient may appear asymptomatic, but this can be a deceptive latent phase.
- Phase 3: Peripheral vascular collapse, hypotension, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, fulminant hepatic failure, coma, and death.
- Long-term Sequelae: Animals that survive may exhibit gastric scarring, strictures, and persistent digestive disturbances.
Treatment:
- Must be handled as an absolute emergency.
- Decontamination: Empty the stomach using gastric lavage with a large bore tube (avoid emetics if hemorrhagic vomiting is already present). Lavage with tepid water or 1-5% sodium bicarbonate solution.
- Oral milk of magnesia may help bind the drug in the GI tract.
- Antidote: Deferoxamine is a specific chelating agent used to bind absorbed iron.
- Supportive Care: IV fluids for shock, treatment of acidosis, prophylactic antibiotics, oxygen, and management of coagulation abnormalities or seizures.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral Tablets
- Oral Elixir/Liquid
- Oral Drops
獸醫用
- No single-ingredient veterinary-FDA-approved products are available. Many multivitamin products containing iron are available.
人用標示
- Ferrous Sulfate Oral Tablets: 325 mg (65 mg iron)
- Ferrous Sulfate Oral Elixir/Liquid: 220 mg/5mL (44 mg iron/5 mL), 300 mg/5 mL (60 mg iron/5 mL)
- Ferrous Sulfate Oral Drops: 15 mg iron/mL, 75 mg/0.6 mL (15 mg iron/0.6 mL)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store in tight, light-resistant containers. If exposed to moisture or moist air, the drug is rapidly oxidized to a brownish-yellow ferric compound that should not be used medicinally. Exposure to light or an alkaline medium enhances this conversion.
飼主須知
危險警告： 鐵劑過量具有高度毒性，甚至可能致命。請務必將所有鐵劑補充品放在寵物和兒童絕對接觸不到的地方。
- 用途： 用於治療缺鐵性貧血，通常由慢性失血（例如嚴重的跳蚤或鉤蟲感染、出血性潰瘍）引起，或用於支持患有腎臟疾病的寵物製造紅血球。
- 給藥方式： 空腹吸收效果最好（飯前 1 小時或飯後數小時）。然而，如果引起胃部不適或嘔吐，您可以將其與少量食物一起餵食。
- 副作用： 如果您寵物的糞便變成深黑色，請不要驚慌；這是未吸收的鐵劑通過消化道時正常且無害的副作用。
- 藥物交互作用： 請勿與制酸劑、乳製品或某些抗生素（如四環黴素或氟喹諾酮類）同時給藥。給藥時間應至少間隔 2 小時。
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