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菲羅考昔

Firocoxib

3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenylfuran-2(5H)-one

非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (COX-2 抑制劑)PO狗貓馬

別名: Previcox · Equioxx · ML-1,785,713 · Firocoxibum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

5 mg/kg (2.27 mg/lb)PO· once daily
— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis5 mg/kg (2.27 mg/lb)POonce daily—🌎 NA
Pain and inflammation (osteoarthritis, surgery)5 mg/kgPOq24hAs directed (monitor carefully if >90 days)🌍 EU
  • Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: Dosage should be calculated in half tablet increments and can be administered with or without food.
  • Pain and inflammation (osteoarthritis, surgery): Give with or without food. For perioperative pain, give the first dose 2 hours before surgery.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Experimentally induced pyrexia (Unapproved/Investigational)0.75-3 mg/kgPOsingle dosesingle dose🌎 NA
ContraindicatedDo not usePON/AN/A🌍 EU
  • Experimentally induced pyrexia (Unapproved/Investigational): Caution: While firocoxib may ultimately be shown to be safe for use in cats, supporting information (or FDA approval) is not currently available for it to be recommended.
  • Contraindicated: Strictly contraindicated in cats.

馬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis0.1 mg/kg (0.045 mg/lb) body weightPOdailyup to 14 days🌎 NA

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

菲羅考昔 (Firocoxib) 是一種高選擇性的​非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID)​，屬於 coxib 類別。

  • ​主要用途​：控制狗和馬因​骨關節炎​引起的疼痛和發炎。
  • ​外科用途​：控制狗的骨科手術後疼痛和發炎。
  • ​臨床重點​：作為 COX-2 選擇性抑制劑，它旨在提供強效鎮痛作用，同時減少傳統非選擇性 NSAID 常見的胃腸道和腎臟副作用。此外，菲羅考昔在表現 COX-2 的腫瘤中也顯示出潛在的​抗腫瘤活性​，可能在獸醫腫瘤學中發揮作用。

作用機制

Firocoxib exerts its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects by selectively inhibiting the ​cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)​ enzyme.

  • Cellular Membrane Phospholipids → Arachidonic Acid → COX-2 → Pro-inflammatory Prostaglandins (e.g., PGE2).
  • By blocking this pathway, firocoxib reduces vasodilation, tissue edema, and sensitization of nociceptors.
  • COX-1 Sparing: At therapeutic doses, it predominantly spares the COX-1 enzyme, which is constitutively expressed and responsible for synthesizing cytoprotective prostaglandins that maintain gastrointestinal mucosal integrity, renal blood flow, and platelet function.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Hypersensitivity to firocoxib or other NSAIDs
  • Active GI ulcerative conditions (relative contraindication)
  • Bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia (relative contraindication)
  • Dogs weighing less than 7 lbs
  • Puppies less than 7 months old (US labeling) or less than 10 weeks old (UK labeling)
  • Horses less than 1 year old
  • Breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs or horses (safety not established)
  • Cats
  • Dogs < 10 weeks of age or < 3 kg body weight
  • Pregnant or lactating bitches
  • Dehydrated, hypovolaemic, or hypotensive patients
  • Patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease or bleeding
  • Patients with blood clotting disorders

不良反應

  • Dogs: Vomiting, decreased appetite/anorexia, diarrhea, melena, GI ulcers, bloody vomiting, GI perforation
  • Dogs: Increases in BUN, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ALT
  • Dogs: Depression/lethargy, ataxia
  • Horses: Diarrhea/loose stools, mouth ulcers, facial skin lesions, excitation (rare)
  • Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence)
  • Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding
  • Renal toxicity (especially during hypotensive states)
  • Hepatotoxicity (rare, but liver disease prolongs metabolism)

注意事項

Important Washout Period: If changing from one NSAID to another, a washout period is required. A 24-hour washout is often recommended between COX-2 selective agents, but 72 hours to 1 week is usually recommended when switching from a non-selective NSAID or aspirin.

  • Use with caution and enhanced monitoring in patients with pre-existing renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular dysfunction.
  • Use with caution in patients that are dehydrated, hypovolemic, hypotensive, or on concomitant diuretic therapy due to increased risk of renal toxicity.
  • Geriatric patients require ongoing monitoring due to naturally reduced renal function.
  • Puppy Toxicity: Doses above the recommended 5 mg/kg in puppies less than 7 months old have been associated with serious adverse reactions, including hepatic fatty changes and death.

藥物相互作用

ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, benazepril)

Some NSAIDs can reduce effects on blood pressure

Aspirin

May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea)

Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)

May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea)

Digoxin

NSAIDs may increase serum levels

Fluconazole

Administration has increased plasma levels of celecoxib in humans and potentially could also affect firocoxib levels in dogs

Furosemide

NSAIDs may reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects

Highly Protein Bound Drugs (phenytoin, valproic acid, oral anticoagulants, sulfonamides, etc.)

May displace other highly bound drugs or be displaced by them, potentially increasing serum levels, duration of action, and toxicity

Methotrexate

Serious toxicity has occurred when NSAIDs have been used concomitantly; use together with extreme caution

Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B)

May enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity development

Other NSAIDsMajor

Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and renal toxicity. A 3-5 day wash-out period is required.

Glucocorticoids (e.g., Prednisolone, Dexamethasone)Major

Synergistic gastrointestinal toxicity leading to severe ulceration or perforation.

Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Amikacin)Major

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

Platinum-based chemotherapeuticsMinor

Potential synergistic efficacy in treating transitional cell carcinomas.

GlucocorticoidsMajor

Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.

AminoglycosidesMajor

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

監測

  • Baseline and periodic physical exam including clinical efficacy and adverse effect queries
  • Baseline and periodic CBC
  • Baseline and periodic liver function tests
  • Baseline and periodic renal function tests and electrolytes
  • Baseline and periodic urinalysis
  • Clinical signs of GI toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea, melena, anorexia)
  • Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine, USG) especially in older dogs or long-term use
  • Hepatic enzymes (ALT, ALP, Bilirubin) prior to and during long-term therapy
  • Hydration status and blood pressure (especially perioperatively)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓10 hours馬30-40 hours狗6-8 hours

吸收

Dogs: Oral bioavailability is ~38% (chewable tablets). Food delays but does not affect the amount absorbed. Peak levels occur at 1 hour (fasted) or 5 hours (fed). Horses: Oral bioavailability is ~79% (paste). Peak levels occur 4-12 hours post-dose. Cats: Oral bioavailability is ~60% (suspension).

分佈

Dogs: Vd is ~3 L/kg; 96% bound to plasma proteins. Horses: Vd is 1.7-2.3 L/kg; 98% bound to plasma proteins. Cats: Vd is 2-3 L/kg.

代謝

Dogs: Biotransformation occurs predominantly via dealkylation and glucuronidation in the liver. Horses: Biotransformation occurs primarily via decyclopropylmethylation and then glucuronidation.

排除

Dogs: Elimination is principally in the bile and feces. Horses: Metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine.

過量

Limited information is available for acute overdoses in animals. The reported oral LD50 for rats is > 2 grams per kg.

  • Management: Should an overdose occur, contacting an animal poison control center or the manufacturer is highly recommended.
  • Treatment: Use of gut emptying protocols and supportive treatment (IV fluids, oral sucralfate, GI protectants) may be useful in managing the case.

可用產品

劑型

  • Chewable tablets
  • Oral paste
  • 57 mg oral tablet
  • 227 mg oral tablet

獸醫用

  • Firocoxib Chewable Tablets (scored): 57 mg & 227 mg; Previcox (Merial)
  • Firocoxib Oral Paste: 0.82% w/w (8.2 mg firocoxib per gram of paste) in a 6.93 gram oral syringe; Equioxx (Merial)
  • Previcox 57 mg chewable tablets
  • Previcox 227 mg chewable tablets

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐴 Horses

POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐴 Horses

POM-V classification.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Commercially available tablets and oral paste should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C); brief excursions are permitted up to 40°C (104°F).

飼主須知

  • ​給藥方式​：可與食物一起或空腹餵食。如果出現腸胃不適，隨餐給藥可能會有幫助。
  • ​狗的注意事項​：如果您發現寵物出現​嘔吐、食慾不振/體重減輕、腹瀉或軟便、行為或活動力改變、飲水量或排尿量改變​，或​眼睛眼白/黏膜發黃​（黃疸），請立即停藥並聯絡您的獸醫。
  • ​馬的注意事項​：如果馬匹出現舌頭或口腔潰瘍、嘴唇或臉部皮膚瘡瘍、腹瀉/軟便，或飲食/飲水習慣改變，請聯絡您的獸醫。

  • ​安全警告​：在寵物服用菲羅考昔期間，​絕對不可​給予人類止痛藥（如布洛芬、普拿疼或阿斯匹靈）或其他獸醫用 NSAID，因為這可能導致致命的胃潰瘍或腎衰竭。

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