氟尼辛葡甲胺
Flunixin Meglumine
3-pyridinecarboxylic acid
別名: Banamine · Flumeglumine · Finadyne · FluNix D · Flunixamine · Flunixiject · Flunizine · Prevail · Suppressor · Vedagesic · Resflor Gold · Sch-14714 · 3-pyridine-carboxylic acid
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
結構化劑量計算證據Analgesic/anti-inflammatory (extra-label)
須由已驗證獸醫確認
- q24h
NA
必須同時考慮的臨床上下文 (2)
- The combination product with florfenicol (Resflor Gold®) should not be stored above 30°C (86°F). Once the vial is entered, it should be used within 28 days. The 500 mL vial should not be punctured more than 10 times.
- All flunixin products should be stored between 2°C and 30°C (36°F-86°F). Flunixin transdermal solution should be used within 6 months of first opening. Vials for injection should be used within 28 days of first puncture, punctured a maximum of 10 times.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
概覽
氟尼辛葡甲胺 (Flunixin meglumine) 是一種強效的獸醫專用非類固醇消炎止痛藥 (NSAID)，廣泛用於鎮痛、消炎和退燒。
- 主要用途：在美國獲 FDA 批准用於馬、牛和豬。在馬匹中，它是治療疝痛 (colic) 相關內臟疼痛的黃金標準鎮痛藥，也用於肌肉骨骼疾病。在牛和豬中，主要用於控制與呼吸道疾病和內毒素血症相關的發燒。
- 標籤外使用：雖然過去曾用於小動物（狗），但現在已大多被更安全、對 COX-2 具選擇性的新型 NSAID（如卡洛芬、美洛昔康）所取代。由於貓對 NSAID 毒性高度敏感，通常被視為禁忌症。
- 臨床要點：氟尼辛能顯著改善敗血性休克動物的血流動力學，並對反芻動物和馬匹的內臟疼痛具有極佳療效。然而，它可能會掩蓋疝痛病患與內毒素血症或腸道壞死相關的行為和心肺體徵。
作用機制
Flunixin meglumine is a potent, non-selective inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system.
- Mechanism: Cell membrane phospholipids → Phospholipase A2 → Arachidonic Acid → COX-1 / COX-2 → Decreased production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
- By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, it reduces inflammation, lowers body temperature (antipyretic), and provides significant analgesia.
- Unlike some other NSAIDs, flunixin does not appreciably alter gastrointestinal motility in horses, making it highly suitable for colic management.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to flunixin
- Cats (generally contraindicated due to availability of safer alternatives)
- Patients with preexisting GI ulcers (e.g., Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome - EGUS)
- Patients with significant renal, hepatic, or hematologic diseases
- Breeding bulls (lack of reproductive safety data)
- Use to ambulate cattle intended for slaughter
不良反應
- Anaphylaxis (especially after rapid IV administration in horses and cattle)
- IM injection site reactions (localized swelling, induration, stiffness, sweating, and rarely clostridial myonecrosis)
- Gastrointestinal ulceration (oral and gastric ulcers, especially with prolonged use or high doses)
- Renal ischemia and nephrotoxicity (especially in dehydrated patients, dogs, and birds)
- Hematochezia and hematuria (reported in cattle treated > 3 days)
- Hypoproteinemia and hematologic abnormalities
注意事項
Important Warnings
- Masking of Symptoms: In horses with colic, flunixin may mask the behavioral and cardiopulmonary signs associated with endotoxemia or intestinal devitalization.
- Injection Site Risks: IM injections in horses and cattle can cause significant tissue irritation and rarely clostridial myonecrosis. Rapid IV administration can cause anaphylactic-like reactions.
- Intra-arterial Injection: Accidental intra-arterial injection may cause CNS stimulation (hysteria), ataxia, hyperventilation, and muscle weakness.
- Pregnancy: Use cautiously in pregnant animals (FDA Class C equivalent).
藥物相互作用
May decrease plasma levels of flunixin and increase the likelihood of GI adverse effects (blood loss)
May increase cyclosporine blood levels and increase the risk for nephrotoxicity
May increase serum levels of digoxin; use with caution in severe cardiac failure
Increases AUC and elimination half-life of both flunixin and enrofloxacin in dogs
May reduce the saluretic and diuretic effects of the diuretic
Serious toxicity has occurred with concomitant use; use together with extreme caution
Increased risk of synergistic nephrotoxicity
May cause a significant increase in serum levels and half-life of flunixin
May increase the risk for bleeding
監測
- Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic efficacy
- Gastrointestinal effects (especially in dogs and horses)
- CBCs and occult blood in feces with chronic use in horses
- Renal parameters (BUN, Creatinine, USG) in susceptible species or dehydrated patients
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly absorbed following oral administration in horses (average bioavailability 80%). Peak serum levels occur in 30 minutes. Onset of action is generally within 2 hours; peak response between 12-16 hours, and duration lasts up to 30 hours.
分佈
Highly bound to plasma proteins (>99% cattle, 92% dogs, 87% horses). Volume of distribution ranges from approximately 0.15 L/kg in horses to 0.78 L/kg in cattle.
代謝
Elimination is primarily via hepatic routes.
排除
Excreted primarily via biliary routes. Detectable in equine urine for at least 48 hours after a dose.
過量
Acute overdosage should be handled by using established protocols of emptying the gut (if oral ingestion and practical/possible) and treating the patient supportively.
- Gastric Ulceration: A distinct possibility in horses that have received overdoses. Consider using prophylactic anti-ulcer medications (e.g., omeprazole) in overdosed horses.
- Renal Protection: Ensure adequate hydration and monitor renal values closely.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (50 mg/mL)
- Oral Paste (1500 mg/syringe)
- Oral Granules (250 mg/sachet)
- Combination Injection (16.5 mg/mL flunixin + 300 mg/mL florfenicol)
獸醫用
- Flunixin Meglumine for Injection: 50 mg/mL in 50 mL, 100 mL and 250 mL vials
- Flunixin Meglumine Oral Paste: 1500 mg/syringe in 30 gram syringes
- Flunixin Meglumine Oral Granules: 250 mg in 10 gram sachets; 500 mg in 20 g sachets
- Flunixin 16.5 mg/mL with Florfenicol 300 mg/mL Injection (Resflor Gold)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store all flunixin products between 2-30°C (36-86°F). Do not mix flunixin meglumine injection with other drugs due to unknown compatibilities. Resflor Gold should not be stored above 30°C (86°F), should be used within 28 days of first puncture, and the 500 mL vial should not be punctured more than 10 times.
飼主須知
寵物與經濟動物主人指引
- 給藥方式：請嚴格遵循獸醫的指示。如果在馬或狗身上進行肌肉注射 (IM)，請注意可能會引起疼痛和腫脹。(註：在豬隻身上，肌肉注射特別標示僅限於頸部肌肉)。
- 食用動物限制：牛隻的肌肉注射屬於標籤外使用，需要更長的停藥期。請勿使用氟尼辛來使受傷或無法行走的牛隻走動以進行屠宰。
- 需注意的副作用：如果您發現胃潰瘍的跡象（食慾不振、排出黑色/柏油狀糞便、精神沉鬱）或排尿改變，請立即停藥並聯繫您的獸醫。
- 錯過劑量/無效時：如果第一劑未能控制疼痛，請勿在未諮詢獸醫的情況下給予額外劑量，因為這會增加毒性風險而不會增加療效。
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