呋喃唑酮

Furazolidone

Synthetic nitrofuran-derivative

別名: Furoxone · Enterolidon · Exofur · Furasian · Furion · Furoxona · Fuxol · Giarcid · Giardil · Giarlam · Neo Furasil · Nifuran · Novafur · Salmocide · Seforman · nifurazolidonum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

2.2 mg/kg PO q8hPO· q8h· 7 days

體重— 🐕

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Amebic colitis	2.2 mg/kg PO q8h	PO	q8h	7 days	🌎 NA
Coccidiosis	8-20 mg/kg PO for one week	PO	Unknown	1 week	🌎 NA
Giardia	4 mg/kg PO twice daily (q12h)	PO	q12h	7 days	🌎 NA
Cystoisospora spp.	8-20 mg/kg PO q12-24h	PO	q12-24h	5 days	🌎 NA
Coccidiosis	8-20 mg/kg PO once daily	PO	q24h	7 days	🌎 NA
Entamebiasis	2.2 mg/kg PO q8h	PO	q8h	7 days	🌎 NA

貓

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Giardia	4 mg/kg PO twice daily (q12h)	PO	q12h	7-10 days	🌎 NA
Giardia	4 mg/kg, PO twice daily (q12h)	PO	q12h	7 days	🌎 NA
Cystoisospora spp.	8-20 mg/kg PO q12-24h	PO	q12-24h	5 days	🌎 NA
Coccidiosis	8-20 mg/kg PO once daily	PO	q24h	7 days	🌎 NA
Giardiasis	4 mg/kg PO q12h	PO	q12h	5-10 days	🌎 NA
Amebiasis	2.2 mg/kg PO q8h	PO	q8h	7 days	🌎 NA
Amebic colitis	2.2 mg/kg PO q8h	PO	q8h	7 days	🌎 NA
Coccidiosis	8-20 mg/kg PO for one week	PO	Unknown	1 week	🌎 NA
Giardia	4 mg/kg PO q12h	PO	q12h	5 days	🌎 NA

Giardia: If re-treatment is required, elevated dosages or lengthened treatment regimens may provide better results.

馬

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Susceptible infections	4 mg/kg PO three times daily	PO	q8h	—	🌎 NA

劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

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概覽

呋喃唑酮（Furazolidone）是一種合成的硝基呋喃類（nitrofuran）抗菌與抗原蟲藥物。在獸醫學歷史上，它曾被作為小動物腸道感染的二線治療藥物，特別是針對梨形鞭毛蟲（Giardia）、球蟲（Coccidia）以及多種腸道致病菌（如彎曲桿菌、沙門氏菌、大腸桿菌）。

臨床要點： 由於許多國家已將人類商業製劑下架，且美國 FDA 嚴格禁止在經濟動物（食用動物）中標示外使用（因硝基呋喃類具有潛在致癌性），目前在現代獸醫臨床上的使用已極為罕見。對於梨形鞭毛蟲等腸道感染，目前多優先選擇更安全且易取得的替代藥物，如芬苯達唑（fenbendazole）與甲硝唑（metronidazole）。

作用機制

Furazolidone acts as a prodrug. Inside susceptible organisms, it is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins (nitroreductases) → highly reactive intermediate compounds are formed → these intermediates cause severe oxidative damage to ribosomal proteins, DNA, and RNA, disrupting cellular metabolism and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Antiprotozoal mechanism: While not fully elucidated, it likely involves similar oxidative damage to essential protozoal enzymes.
MAO Inhibition: Furazolidone also acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) in the mammalian host, which can lead to significant drug and dietary interactions (e.g., with tyramine-rich foods or sympathomimetic drugs).

安全性與警告

禁忌症

Known hypersensitivity to furazolidone or other nitrofurans
Food-producing animals (FDA strictly prohibits extralabel use)
Pregnant queens (per some references)

不良反應

Anorexia
Vomiting
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Urine discoloration (dark yellow to brown)

注意事項

Use with extreme caution due to its monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) properties, which can cause severe interactions with various drugs and tyramine-rich foods. The FDA strictly prohibits the extralabel use of furazolidone in food animals. May cause a false-positive urine glucose determination when using the cupric sulfate solution test (e.g., Clinitest).