明膠
明膠基底溶液是一種合成膠體，用於擴充和維持各種休克（包括低血容性和出血性休克）時的血容量。 與其他合成膠體（如羥乙基澱粉）的主要區別在於它們的分子量較低。因此，它們排泄更迅速，血漿擴充的持續時間也短得多。它們幾乎沒有抗原性或抗凝血作用，給藥後對凝血或失血的影響很小。 > **臨床警告：** 患有充血性心臟衰竭或腎功能不全的動物應極度謹慎使用，因為這些情況會顯著增加循環超載的風險。
作用機制: Gelatine acts as a synthetic colloid that promotes the retention of fluid within the vascular system through the exertion of **oncotic pressure**, thereby expanding circulating blood volume and improving hemodynamics during shock states.
各物種劑量
- Plasma volume expansion (shock) · 10-20 ml/kg · IV · bolus · Do not exceed replacement of >25% of circulating blood volume in a 24-hour period · Administer as a bolus. Monitor patient hemodynamics closely.
- Plasma volume expansion (shock) · 10-20 ml/kg · IV · bolus · Do not exceed replacement of >25% of circulating blood volume in a 24-hour period · Administer as a bolus. Monitor patient hemodynamics closely.
劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Congestive heart failure (relative)
- Oliguric or anuric renal failure (relative)
- Known hypersensitivity to gelatine products
不良反應
- Anaphylactoid reactions (rare)
- Circulatory overload
- Potential kidney injury (extrapolated from human medicine concerns)
監測
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Central venous pressure (CVP)
- Packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein (TP)
- Signs of fluid overload (e.g., tachypnea, crackles on lung auscultation)
- Renal function and urine output
過量
Overdosage can lead to **circulatory overload**, manifesting as pulmonary edema, elevated venous pressure, and respiratory distress. This is particularly dangerous in patients with compromised cardiac or renal function. Treatment involves stopping the infusion immediately and administering diuretics (e.g., furosemide) if necessary.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。