葡萄糖
Glucose / Dextrose
D-glucose
別名: Aqupharm · Vetivex · Dextrose · D-glucose · Glucose monohydrate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
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概覽
葡萄糖是一種用於液體補充和提供細胞代謝能量的滲透劑。稀釋溶液用於補充細胞內和間質液流失，而高濃度溶液則用於靜脈注射以提供能量或治療低血糖。濃度大於5%的溶液具有高滲透壓，若非經由靜脈給藥會產生強烈刺激性。
作用機制
Glucose acts as a direct source of energy for cellular metabolism. It enters cells via specific glucose transporters (GLUT) and undergoes glycolysis → ATP production. In fluid therapy, it also acts as an osmotic agent, drawing water into the intravascular space or providing free water once the glucose is rapidly metabolized.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Use with caution in patients with insulin resistance
- Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus
不良反應
- Phlebitis and tissue irritation (with hyperosmolar solutions >5%)
- Severe hypophosphataemia (refeeding syndrome in starved patients)
- Hyperglycaemia
注意事項
Hypertonicity and Tissue Irritation
Solutions containing >5% glucose are hypertonic and irritant if administered other than intravenously. 10-50% solutions are highly hyperosmolar and should be administered through a jugular catheter or diluted appropriately.
Refeeding Syndrome
Glucose infusions may produce severe hypophosphataemia in some patients with prolonged starvation.
Infection Risk
Multi-use vials of 5% glucose or higher rapidly support bacterial growth. Strict aseptic technique is required, and single patient use is strongly advised.
監測
- Blood glucose concentrations
- Serum phosphorus (especially in starved patients)
- Catheter site for signs of phlebitis or extravasation
- Hydration status and electrolyte balance
藥物動力學
吸收
Immediate upon intravenous administration.
分佈
Rapidly distributed into the intracellular and extracellular spaces.
代謝
Metabolized via glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to carbon dioxide and water, yielding ATP.
排除
Excreted as carbon dioxide via the lungs and water via the kidneys. If the renal threshold is exceeded, glucose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
過量
If glucose loading produces signs of hyperglycaemia, insulin may be added to correct it. Overdosage can also lead to osmotic diuresis, resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable: sodium chloride 0.9% w/v, glucose monohydrate 5.5% w/v
- Injectable: sodium chloride 0.18% w/v, glucose monohydrate 4.4% w/v
- Injectable: glucose 40% w/v
- Injectable: glucose 50% w/v
獸醫用
- Aqupharm No. 3 (NaCl 0.9%, glucose 5.5%)
- Vetivex 3 (NaCl 0.9%, glucose 5.5%)
- Aqupharm No. 18 (NaCl 0.18%, glucose 4.4%)
- Vetivex 6 (NaCl 0.18%, glucose 4.4%)
- 50% Glucose for injection
各地核准狀態
Classified as POM-V, POM-VPS, and POM depending on the specific formulation.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Multi-use vials of 5% glucose or higher rapidly support bacterial growth. Strict aseptic technique is required, and single patient use is advised. Store at room temperature.
飼主須知
葡萄糖通常透過靜脈輸液給予，以幫助您的寵物在生病或低血糖時維持水分和能量。獸醫會密切監測血糖濃度。請勿自行在家中給予高濃度葡萄糖，以免造成組織刺激。
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