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灰黃黴素

Griseofulvin

抗黴菌藥PO狗貓小型哺乳類鳥馬牛豬

別名: Fulvicin · AmTech Griseofulvin · Grifulvin V · Gris-PEG · Curling factor · Griseofulvina · Griseofulvinum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Microsize: 25 mg/kg q12h PO for 42-56 days; Ultramicrosize: 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily for 42 days.PO· q12h or once daily· 42-56 days
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劑量為持牌獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品說明書及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsMicrosize: 25 mg/kg q12h PO for 42-56 days; Ultramicrosize: 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily for 42 days.POq12h or once daily42-56 days🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsMicrosize: 50 mg/kg PO once daily with fatty meal.POonce dailyProlonged🌎 NA
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: May need to treat longer for Trichophyton than for Microsporum. Give following a fatty meal or administration of corn oil. Continue for at least 2 weeks after resolution of signs and at least 5 months for onychomycosis.
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Used with topical therapy. May double dose in resistant cases. If GI distress occurs may divide dose and give twice daily with food. Begin taking cultures after 4 weeks. Continue therapy for 2 weeks beyond clinical cure and when 2-3 negative cultures are obtained at weekly intervals.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsMicrosize: 50-120 mg/kg PO; divided daily. Ultramicrosize: 10-15 mg/kg PO twice daily.POdivided daily or twice daily4-6 weeks or longer🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsMicrosize: 50 mg/kg PO once daily or 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 42-70 days; Ultramicrosize: 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily for 42 days.POonce daily or q12h42-70 days🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsMicrosize: 50 mg/kg PO once daily with fatty meal.POonce dailyProlonged🌎 NA
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complexMicrosize: 25 mg/kg PO twice daily with food.POtwice dailyAt least one month🌎 NA
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Give with a fatty meal. Treat until culture is negative.
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Give following a fatty meal or administration of corn oil. Continue for at least 2 weeks after resolution of signs and at least 5 months for onychomycosis.
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Used with topical therapy. May double dose in resistant cases. If GI distress occurs may divide dose and give twice daily with food. Begin taking cultures after 4 weeks. Continue therapy for 2 weeks beyond clinical cure and when 2-3 negative cultures are obtained at weekly intervals.
  • Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex: Give at least for one month to judge efficacy.

小型哺乳類

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Advanced dermatophytosis (Rabbits)Ultramicrosize 6.25 mg/kg PO q12h for 4-6 weeks. Microsize: 25 mg/kg PO q12-24h for one monthPOq12h or q12-24h4-6 weeks or 1 month🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Chinchillas)25 mg/kg PO once daily for 30-60 daysPOonce daily30-60 days🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Gerbils, Guinea pigs, Hamsters, Rats)25 mg/kg PO q24h for 14-28 daysPOq24h14-28 days🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Mice)25 mg/kg PO q24h for 14 daysPOq24h14 days🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Chinchillas)25 mg/kg PO q24h for 28-40 daysPOq24h28-40 days🌎 NA
Dermatophytosis (Guinea pigs)25 mg/kg PO (as a suspension) once daily for 28 days.POonce daily28 days🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Chinchillas)25 mg/kg PO once daily (q24h) for 30 daysPOonce daily30 days🌎 NA

鳥

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible dermatophytic infections (Ratites)35-50 mg/kg PO once dailyPOonce daily—🌎 NA

馬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsUsing the microsize (not ultra-microsize) products: 5 mg/kg PO once daily.POonce daily—🌎 NA
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Smaller doses (1.25 grams) should be used for foals or ponies. If using ultra-microsize (human) formulations the dose should be reduced by 50%.

牛

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible dermatophytic infectionsUltramicrosize: 10-20 mg/kg PO once daily for 1-2 weeks. 100 mg/kg PO given twice (or more) 1 week apart may also be effective.POonce daily or weekly1-2 weeks🌎 NA
Susceptible dermatophytic infections20 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeksPOonce daily6 weeks🌎 NA
  • Susceptible dermatophytic infections: Not FDA-approved for use in food animals and can be very expensive.

豬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Susceptible dermatophytic infections20 mg/kg PO once daily for 6 weeksPOonce daily6 weeks🌎 NA

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概覽

灰黃黴素（Griseofulvin）是一種抑菌性抗黴菌抗生素，在獸醫學中主要用於治療皮膚、毛髮和爪子的​皮癬菌感染​（錢癬）。

​主要臨床重點：​ ​ 它對皮癬菌（如​毛癬菌​、​小孢癬菌​和​表皮癬菌*）具有高度專一性。 ​ 它對細菌、其他致病真菌或​馬拉色菌*（Malassezia）​沒有療效​。

  • ​臨床提示：​ 由於其潛在的顯著副作用（特別是骨髓抑制和致畸性）以及需要長期治療，灰黃黴素在現代獸醫臨床中正逐漸被更新、更安全的抗黴菌藥物（如​伊曲康唑 (itraconazole)​ 和 ​特比萘芬 (terbinafine)​）所取代。
  • 由於胃腸道吸收的差異，​微粒 (microsize)​ 和 ​超微粒 (ultramicrosize)​ 劑型的劑量有顯著不同。

作用機制

Griseofulvin is a fungistatic agent. It enters susceptible fungal cells and binds to tubulin, which disrupts the structure of the mitotic spindle → arresting the metaphase of cell division.

Additionally, griseofulvin binds to newly synthesized keratin in the host. As new skin, hair, and nails grow, the keratin-griseofulvin complex makes these newly formed tissues resistant to fungal invasion, allowing the infected, older tissues to be shed.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Pregnancy (known teratogen)
  • Known hypersensitivity to griseofulvin
  • Hepatocellular failure
  • Horses intended for food

不良反應

  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Neutropenia
  • Leukopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Depression
  • Ataxia
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Dermatitis/photosensitivity
  • Toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • Teratogenesis

注意事項

​Important Warnings:​

  • ​Feline Sensitivity:​ Cats, particularly kittens, are highly susceptible to adverse effects (e.g., bone marrow depression), likely due to slower glucuronide conjugation. Monitor carefully.
  • ​FIV Testing:​ Cats should be tested for FIV before initiating therapy due to the drug's potential neutropenic or panleukopenic effects.
  • ​Teratogenicity:​ Griseofulvin is a known teratogen (causes cleft palate, skeletal/brain malformations). It is strictly contraindicated in pregnant animals. It may also inhibit spermatogenesis.
  • ​Absorption:​ Must be given with a fatty meal to ensure adequate GI absorption.

藥物相互作用

Alcohol

Griseofulvin may potentiate the effects of alcohol.

Aspirin

Griseofulvin may decrease salicylate levels.

Cyclosporine

Griseofulvin may decrease cyclosporine levels.

Phenobarbital

May decrease griseofulvin blood concentrations by inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes and/or reducing absorption. Dosage adjustment may be necessary.

Theophylline

May decrease theophylline half-life and levels in some patients.

Warfarin

May reduce the anticoagulant activity of coumarin anticoagulants; adjustment may be required.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy; fungal culture
  • Adverse effects
  • CBC; before therapy and q1-3 weeks during therapy
  • Liver enzymes (if indicated)

藥物動力學

半衰期

狗47 minutes

吸收

Microsized form is variably absorbed (25-70%); dietary fat enhances absorption. Ultramicrosize form is nearly 100% absorbed (approximately 1.5 times as well as the microsized form).

分佈

Concentrates in skin, hair, nails, fat, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Can be found in the stratum corneum within 4 hours of dosing.

代謝

Metabolized by the liver via oxidative demethylation and glucuronidation to 6-desmethylgriseofulvin (inactive).

排除

Less than 1% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.

過量

Specifics regarding acute toxicity are limited. Significant overdoses should be managed with gut emptying, activated charcoal, and cathartic administration unless contraindicated. Horses have tolerated 100 mg/kg PO for 20 days without apparent ill effect.

可用產品

劑型

  • Powder
  • Oral Tablets
  • Oral Suspension

獸醫用

  • AmTech® Griseofulvin Powder: 2.5 g griseofulvin in 15 g sachets (FDA-approved for horses not intended for food)

人用標示

  • Grifulvin V® Griseofulvin Microsize Oral Tablets: 500 mg
  • Griseofulvin Microsize Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL
  • Gris-PEG® Griseofulvin Ultramicrosize Tablets: 125 mg & 250 mg

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at less than 40°C, preferably at room temperature (15-30°C). Suspensions should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers. Microsize tablets/capsules should be stored in tight containers; ultramicrosize tablets in well-closed containers.

飼主須知

​重要提示：​ 灰黃黴素可能導致出生缺陷。孕婦應避免接觸此藥物，若必須給藥請戴上手套。

  • ​給藥方式：​ 務必將此藥物與​高脂肪食物​（例如少量罐頭食品、奶油或玉米油）一起餵食，以幫助身體充分吸收。
  • ​依從性：​ 錢癬的治療需要時間。即使寵物看起來已經好轉，也請完全按照處方繼續給藥。過早停藥可能導致感染復發。
  • ​環境控制：​ 錢癬對其他寵物和人類具有高度傳染性。請遵循獸醫的指示對家中進行消毒、銷毀舊寢具，並在必要時隔離寵物。
  • ​副作用：​ 注意寵物是否出現食慾不振、嘔吐或腹瀉。如果您的寵物顯得昏昏欲睡、步態不穩或出現任何異常症狀，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。

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